Causes of the Great Depression Essay - 743 Words

Causes of the Great Depression The Great Depression also called Depression of 1929, or Slump of 1929, began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized world. Though the United States economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of the stock market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 call the Stock Market Crash of 1929. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 the had dropped 20 percent of their value in 1929 (http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,38610+1,00.html). More than a half-century†¦show more content†¦By the summer of 1929 businesses were being piled one on top of another (McElvaine 45). The reason for this speculation of the twenties has long been debated. One culprit to blame is the Federal Reserve Boards decision in early 1927 to lower the rediscount rate one-half point to 3.5 percent. The decision was based on the need to save liquidity in the wake of Great Britain?s overvaluation of the pound. This meant easier money at home which made stock speculation easier, yet did not cause speculation (McElvaine 44). Another factor that lead to the Great Depression was shortsighted government economical policies. This meant that the government took no actions against unwise trading and investing. Congress also passes high tariffs that protected American industries but hurt farmers and international trade (http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projests/depression/causes.html). Looking back many people believe that these tariff increase were a horrible mistake that made the Worldwide Depression worse (McElvaine 32). One of the bigger and most noted reason was the stock market crash of 1929 (http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projests/depression/causes.html). Prices had been drifting downward since September 3, but generally people where optimistic. Speculators continued to flock to the market. Then, on Monday October 21 prices started to fall quickly. The volume was so great that the ticker fell behind (McElvaine 47). Investors became fearful. Knowing that prices wereShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Great Depression1319 Words   |  6 Pageshaving classic satisfying life concluded when the Great Depression ushered in the negative trend that would impact the U.S. economy in 1929. Therefore, what happened? In this essay, we will discuss what the Great Depression was for the Americans, the causes of the Great Depression, and the U.S.’s recovery from the Great Depression. The Great Depression One of the terrifying times in the U.S. history is the Great Depression. The Great Depression is an economic phenomenon, which according to theRead MoreGreat Depression and Its Causes1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s has been argued about for generations. Most people agree on several key topics and that it was the severity and length of time the Depression lasted that was actually the most remarkable. Hoover made many noteworthy attempts to try and solve this crisis, yet in the end it was President Roosevelt and his New Deal, that brought many Americans hope for the future. The first factor in the start of the Depression was the lack of diversityRead MoreCauses of the Great Depression2012 Words   |  9 Pages The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century is a matter of active debate between economists. Although the popular belief is that the main cause was the crashing Stock Market in 1929 caused the Great Depression, There were other major economic events that contributed just as much as the crash, such as American’s overextension of credit, an unequal distribution of wealth, over production of goods, and a severe drop in business revenue. As these events transpired the state of economicRead More Causes of the Great Depression Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesCauses of the Great Depression Throughout the 1920’s, new industries and new methods of production led to prosperity in America. America was able to use its great supply of raw materials to produce steel, chemicals, glass, and machinery that became the foundation of an enormous boom in consumer goods (Samuelson, 2). Many US citizens invested on the stock market, speculating to make a quick profit. This great prosperity ended in October 1929. People began to fear that the boom was going toRead MoreCauses of the Great Depression Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has experienced recessions about every twenty years (give or take) since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Nothing that had happened before was quite this serious, chaotic, or as long lasting as the Great Depression. The crash was felt far beyond those on the trading floors. Speculators who borrowed money from the banks to buy their stocks could not repay the loans because they could not sell stocks, because no one else would buy them. This caused many banks to fail,Read MoreCauses of The Great Depression Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages Imagine a society where over 25% of the population was unemployed. That is what it reached during The Great Depression (â€Å"The Great Depression†). During the depression unemployment rates were the highest they have ever been. It is highly speculated to this day on what exactly caused The Great Depression. Most historians agree it was a chain of events, one after another, that brought our country into chaos. Some events were more impactful than others. These events caused pandemonium amongRead MoreEssay on The Causes of the Great Depression697 Words   |  3 PagesThe Causes of The Great Depression History Imagine waking up one morning, only to find out that all your investments and savings are gone. So if your bank that you invested all your money in collapsed, you didn’t get any money back. This is what happened to millions of Americans during the 1930s. This era was called the great depression. The great depression was one of the worst economy issues we have ever had in history. It was a hard time for everyone. The great depression started in 1929Read More The Cause of the Great Depression Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cause of the Great Depression The economic expansion of the 1920’s, with its increased production of goods and high profits, culminated in immense consumer speculation that collapsed with disastrous results in 1929 causing America’s Great Depression. There were a number or contributing factors to the depression, with the largest and most important one being a general loss of confidence in the American economy. The reason it escalated was a general misunderstanding of recessions byRead MoreCauses Of The Great Depression And The Great Recession2292 Words   |  10 Pages1. Examine the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s and consider what similarities and differences can be drawn with the problems from the financial and economic crisis which began in 2008. Introduction 2007-2009 in America has often been described as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression in 1929. There was lots of debate whether the economy was slipping back to double dip recession but there is considerable evidence that the economic crisis in 2008 is worse than the crisisRead MoreCauses of the Great Depression Essay651 Words   |  3 PagesIn the 1920s, American economy had a great time. The vast majority of Americans in 1929 foresaw a continuation of the dizzying economic growth that had taken place in most of the decade. However, the prices of stock crested in early September of 1929. The price of stock fell gradually during most of September and early October. On â€Å"Black Tuesday† 29 October 1929, the stock market fell by forty points. After that, a historically great and long economic depression started and lasted until the start of

A Brief Note On Alcoholics Anonymous ( Aa ) - 1809 Words

Introduction Locating a self-help group for the completion of this assignment included completing research on self-help groups such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Overeaters Anonymous (OA), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Alcoholism is a debilitating disease that causes unmanageable alcohol usage and alcohol addicts would prefer the abolishment of alcohol abuse, but differential circumstances cause many issues when individuals attempt to gain sobriety (O’Tousa Grahame, 2014). Alcoholics Anonymous has developed into the alcohol treatment methodology of choice for individuals seeking recovery from multiple addictions including but not limited to alcohol, sex, food, gambling (Medina, 2014). Individuals that attend AA are twice as likely to†¦show more content†¦Noteworthy, AA celebrated their initial start date on June 10, 2015, citing the derivation of the self-help support group as June 10, 1935 (Shamra Branscum, 2010). Alcoholics Anonymous is a substantially influential group considerin g that they acted in changing the public’s perception of alcohol addiction from being a sin to alcohol addiction actually being a disease (Tavris, 2014). There are more than two million members involved with AA universally, and the typical duration of sobriety for these members is greater than seven years (Sifers Peltz, 2013). A major benefit of AA is the fact that the programs popularity allows widespread accessibility that individuals have the opportunity to access in the United States and abroad during a diverse amount of time intervals (Shamra Branscum, 2010). In addition, another benefit of AA membership is that the cost of membership is free; AA requires no financial support from its members (Galanter, 2014). Moreover, AA gains its support by receiving charitable donations from its members and other supporters (Sharma Branscum, 2010). Alcoholics Anonymous Program Social support is a key essential during the process of member engagement in the twelve-step AA group meetings (Galanter, 2014). Storytelling originated from Bill Wilson, who believed that the best way to assist individuals

Comparison of Website Functionalities

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of Website Functionalities. Answer: Introduction: At present, the use of the internet technology has changed the way of conducting the business operations of the organizations. Maximum of the people of the present world are dependent on the internet for the hotel booking purpose. The online hotel booking services are helping a lot to select and book the hotels efficiently. In this project the websites of the hotel booking sites will be analyzed and compared. The business segment selected for the report is the hotel sector. The hotel booking websites will be compared and analyzed regarding their efficiencies. The websites are using for promoting the hotel business as well as conduction the business operations like booking, payment etc. Three hotel booking websites have been selected for analyzing the functionalities of the websites of those hotels. Comparisons: Some parameters have been set for the comparison among the three websites chosen for this particular project. The analyses of the comparison based on the parameters are given in the section below: Information Content: The availability and reliability of the information in the websites are the main factors of attracting the customers towards the services of the hotels. The users of the websites are using the websites for fetching the relevant information regarding the hotels around the world. The three hotel booking websites are good enough form the perspectives of the information contents of the sites. All the sites have the details about the locations of the hotels, price, discounts and other facilities available in the hotels. Cheapoair.com has the main focus in the area of the cost of the rents of the hotels. However, all the other relevant information regarding the hotels is also available in this site. The main demand of the customers is the value for money while finding a hotel. These sites are able to provide the facilities of values provided by the hotels against the money spent by the customers. No irrelevant information is given in the websites. All the three sites have photos of the hot els, rooms, interior, exterior designs and other facilities available in the hotels. Regarding the relevancy of the information about the hotels, the customers should get the latest updates in the websites regarding the hotels. In this area also, all the three websites are very efficient. There is no delay in the updates regarding any types of new modifications or changes in the hotels showed in the websites. Trivago.com shows a result of the price of a hotel in different booking partners. The users are able to select the most affordable one. User empowerment: The main aim of the hotel booking websites is too attract and engage the customers at their site. In order to do that, they are offering very attractive web design and lots of attractive photos in the websites. The cheapoair and trivago.com has the main focus in the area of the best price hotels for the customers. They are trying to provide the results of hotel search at the best price. The users are also able to sort their results as per their own choices. Besides these, the sites are also providing some discount offers and customer loyalty offers for the valuable customers. While talking about the discount offers, the trivago.com is the best one to attract the customers through the discount at their website. Visual Appearances: The first thing to attract the visitors towards a website is the visual appearances of the web site. It is about the attractive designs, images used at the pages of the site and the other visual effects of the sites. The three websites chosen for this research study have been compared with respect to the visual appearances. The visual appearances of all the three sites are very attractive, but the homepage of hotels.com is very attractive with beautiful photos at the background of the pages. The background images are set with the locations searched by the users. The images are changes at the time of entering the location in which the users are trying to find the hotels. The option of selecting the desired country by the users is also very attractive in the hotels.com website. Figure 1: country selection in hotels.com Navigation: While considering the navigation facilities of the three websites, the name of the hotels.com will be the first one. This is the only one website, which can tract the location of the users. The users can just click on the location sign at beside the search panel of the website for finding the hotels near the current location of the user. Figure 2: Location tracing service in hotels.com Enjoyment: All the three websites had been using excellent multimedia images for making their website look good. The use of high quality of images had helped in making the appearance of these websites more attractive and usable. The websites are easy to be explored and there are various options that had made it accessible for the users to access them. The tabs had been used for making the accessing of various options of the websites comfortable for the users. The websites had been formed with simple and attractive appearances with highlighted sections for best offers and deals. Privacy: The accessing of information does not require payment of any amount of money in the websites. Only some information like date, destination, departing airport, number of passengers should have to be provided for faster searching of the required flights available from the location on the day. Similarly the location of the hotel, check in and checkout day and number of persons should be entered at the hotel websites. However for booking any hotel or flight tickets from hotels.com or Trivago and cheapoair, it is required for paying online using payment options like credit card or debit card. The websites have privacy policy that entrusts the customers and website users that their information and data provided would not be used for any illegal purpose and only for the mentioned booking purpose. The website had a disclaimer tick in option in which the user would declare that he/she had provided the information to the website and they had not forged information from anywhere. Design of the booking system: Now lets discuss about the main fact of the website. The business segment selected in this research project is the hotel booking through the online platform. The booking system of the three sites are good enough, but as per the user ratings and reviews, the hotels.com is the most popular one among the three. In the second position, there is trivago.com and cheapoair.com is in the third position in booking hotels across the whole world. The In this context, the efficiency of the booking portal of the websites is the most important factor of the sites. The designs of the booking systems of the three selected websites are given in the screenshots given in the section below. Figure 3: Booking system in cheapoair.com Figure 4: Booking system in hotels.com Figure 5: Booking system in trivago.com Technical support: While discussing about the technical support, the first important point is the system log in response time. In this context, all the three websites are efficient enough. The response time for the system log in of the users can not be differentiated from each other of the three sites. All the sites are able to respond to the users very quickly. Support in different types of web browsers is the second important fact regarding the technical support of the websites. The websites are efficiently performing in the web browsers Internet explorer, Google chrome, Mozila Firefox and Opera. The websites are responsive websites i.e., they are able to be handled efficiently through the use of mobile devices. Another important aspect of the websites technical support is the availability of the websites with respect to the time and place. All the three websites are accessible from anywhere across the whole world at any time. The web servers are always available for the users. Organization of the web content: The organizations of the web content of the websites are good of the websites. The details about the background of the web site companies are available in the about us section of the websites. All the three websites have separate pages for separate sections. Recommendations: After analysing the different factors of the three hotel booking websites, it has been found that the visual appearance and relevant information should be present in the website for engaging the target customers. The name of the website is also a big factor for the website for hotel booking. In this project, cheapoair.com is mainly a website for booking flights. However, the hotel booking is one of the main business lines of the website. It is recommended for the company to develop a separate website for hotel booking system. Information updates in the websites is also very important for the hotel booking sites. The hotels are getting modified and the rates of the hotels also may different over the seasons or occasions. These updates should be always available in a hotel booking website. Another major recommendation for the entire hotel booking site is the responsive design of the websites. At present maximum of the internet users use mobile devices for surfing the internet and visit the websites. Therefore, all the hotel booking websites should be supported by the mobile device web browsers. An ideal hotel booking website has all the details about the background of the company, background details of the hotels, photos of the hotels, photos of the interior designs, photos of the exterior designs and the pricing details of the hotels. In case of different types of facilities available in a single hotel, the details regarding the breakups of different services should also be given in the website. Conclusion: As per the analysis of the project, it has been found that the most popular hotel booking website is the hotels.com. It has been found that availability of the relevant information, technical facilities, designs of the web pages, designs of the booking portal all are the important factors of a hotel booking website. All the important factors of the websites chosen for the project have been analyzed in this project report and some recommendations are given for the hotel booking sites. The recommendations have been given for attracting and engaging the customers to the services pf the websites with superior level of customer oriented services. Bibliography: About | trivago. (2017).trivago US. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://company.trivago.com/about/ About CheapOair.com, CheapOair The Only Way To Go!. (2017).Cheapoair.com. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://www.cheapoair.com/about-us/ Cebi, S. (2013). Determining importance degrees of website design parameters based on interactions and types of websites.Decision Support Systems,54(2), 1030-1043. Hotels.com India. (2017).In.hotels.com. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://in.hotels.com/customer_care/about_us.html Ladhari, R., Michaud, M. (2015). eWOM effects on hotel booking intentions, attitudes, trust, and website perceptions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,46, 36-45. Rodrguez-Molina, M. A., Fras-Jamilena, D. M., Castaeda-Garca, J. A. (2015). The contribution of website design to the generation of tourist destination image: The moderating effect of involvement.Tourism Management,47, 303-317. Wang, L., Law, R., Guillet, B. D., Hung, K., Fong, D. K. C. (2015). Impact of hotel website quality on online booking intentions: eTrust as a mediator.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47, 108-115.

To the Lighthouse Symbolism Essay Example

To the Lighthouse Symbolism Essay To the Lighthouse Summary: Part 1: The Window The novel starts in the Ramsays summer home. Mr Ramsay tells to the family that will take them to the Lighthouse on the next day but it wasn’t possible due to bad weather. This makes a certain tension between James the son of the family and his father because he really wants to get to the Lighthouse. In this part Lily Briscoe attempts to paint a portrayal of Mrs Ramsay and her son James. Part 2: Time passes This second part gives the feeling of time passing and also death. Ten years pass, during which the four-year  First World War  begins and ends and also Mrs Ramsay passes away. Part 3: The Lighthouse In the final part the remaining members of the Ramsay family return to their summer house ten years after part 1. Mr Ramsay finally decides to keep his word and take his son James and his daughter Camila to the Lighthouse. In this section Lily attempts to finally complete the painting that she started in part 1. Upon finishing the painting (and at the same time the sailing boat of Ramsay family reaches the lighthouse) and seeing that it satisfies her, she realizes that the execution of her vision is more important to her than the idea of leaving some sort of legacy in her work. We will write a custom essay sample on To the Lighthouse Symbolism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To the Lighthouse Symbolism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To the Lighthouse Symbolism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Symbolism of the Lighthouse. Before launching into what Virginia Woolf might be talking about Lighthouse I’m going to take a few seconds to explain you what it is. The meaning of Lighthouse it refers to beacon its something people who are lost can look towards for guidance and the light it moves around. When the night falls, it flashes on, and when the sun rises, it shuts off. So a lighthouse works as both a symbol of  stability  (as a beacon) and of  change  (as its lights go on and off with the turning of the day). Now, about this specific Lighthouse. We know that its visible from the Ramsays summer home but separated from it by a stretch of sea. And we know that, at least at first, James Ramsay  really  wants to get there – so much that when Mr. Ramsay says they wont be able to sail to the Lighthouse the next day, James Ramsay  goes very mad. But the Lighthouse also is a symbol for Traditional Family Structure. One important thing they share in common is that theyre both guys. Another important thing is that theyre both really into Mrs. Ramsay. Sure, ones her husband and the others her son, but they feel they have to compete with each other for her attention. All this leads us to a roundabout way, the Lighthouse is potentially a symbol for family structure, and especially for the authority of the father in the traditional family. So the lighthouse is kind of a phallic symbol, and phallic symbols in literature often mean that there are daddy issues coming down the pike. In other words James and Mr. Ramsay are squabbling over who gets power over the family: Mr. Ramsay is the authority figure, so he gets to say No! he weather will be bad! And James is a rebel whos all Why  do you have to ruin  everything? In conclusion I have talked about the Lighthouse as a symbol for family authority and how control over getting to the Lighthouse has a lot to do with family power. But like the Lighthouse tower itself, the family as an institution is solid and unchanging. But individual families come and go as rapidly as a lighthouse of a beacon goes on and off – time changes the shape of all families. All families have their upon and down. Bibliography To The Lighthouse (Sparknotes Literature Guide). Edition: 2003

Black mirror White Bear (Summarization) free essay sample

A woman wakes up with an amnesia, she was in the house where the TV screen showed an unknown symbol. She turns off the TV screen, she caught her attention about the photos of herself and a man with a small girl. She leaves the house and asks for help but people refuse her and continue recording her on their own cellphones. When a masked man leaves his car with his shotgun and ready to shoot the woman, she runs and meets Jem and Damien at the gas store. The man kills Damien, while Jem and the woman escaped the man, Jem explain everything to the woman that it is because of the signal that appearing on the TV screen and mobile screen. Jem said that they are unaffected, but they are also a target of hunters, they planned to reach a transmitter at the white bear to destroy it, while they were escaping the hunters, Baxter offer them a ride. We will write a custom essay sample on Black mirror: White Bear (Summarization) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, while there were at the forest, Baxter tried to kill Jem and the woman, Baxter rang her phone while he was busy talking to someone, Jem walked away and he noticed that Jem escaped. He tried to torture the woman, but Jem came back and killed Baxter. Jem and the woman continue traveling until they reached the transmitter, the two hunters attack and tried to kill them.The woman took the wrestle’s shotgun and shoot it to the hunters, but the shotgun only sprays confetti. The walls open and the crowded people shout, the woman forced to sit in the chair, someone tells everything to her, that her name is Victoria Skillane, and the small girl in the photo was Jemima Sykes, and the man was her fiance name Iain Rannoch. Iain has a tattoo was the symbol that she saw in the TV screen, Iain tortured and killed Jemima before he burned her body, while Victoria remains to stay and recorded Iain’s actions on her mobile phone. Iain committed suicide in his cell. Victoria was undergone in the daily punishment she experienced in the White Bear Justice Park named after Jemima’s white teddy bear. Victoria is driven back to the house while the crowded people remain recording herm and they arranged everything where it started.Black Mirror: White Bear (Reflection)Victoria Skillane was a very popular woman. Nowadays, when we caught an accident or anything that can fulfill someone’s attention, we record it through our mobile phones and upload it. We recorded it, just like Victoria did when Iain tortured and killed Jemima. Victoria just only watched and recorded what was happened. If I were Victoria, I called the police and tell what was happened so that Jemima did not die. There’s no difference between Victoria and those people nowadays because what Victoria did is like what we are doing. If we have caught about something we use our phone to capture and recorded it instead of going or call the police station to prevent the accident. For me, its okay to give a punishment for Victoria to learn what was her done to killed a small girl named Jemima. Victoria and Iain deserve to be punished by many people. She deserves what was her experienced.

Solomon Northup, Author of Twelve Years a Slave

Solomon Northup, Author of Twelve Years a Slave Solomon Northup was a free black resident of New York State who was drugged on a trip to Washington, D.C. in the spring of 1841 and sold to a slave dealer. Beaten and chained, he was transported by ship to a New Orleans slave market and suffered more than a decade of servitude on Louisiana plantations. Northup had to hide his literacy or risk violence. And he was unable, for years, to get word to anyone in the North to let them know where he was. Fortunately, he  was eventually able to send messages which prompted legal action that secured his freedom. Writing His Narrative and the Impact on Abolition After regaining his freedom and miraculously returning to his family in New York, he collaborates with a local attorney to write a shocking account of his ordeal, Twelve Years a Slave, which was published in May 1853. Northup’s case and his book attracted considerable attention. Most slave narratives were written by former slaves who had been born into slavery, but Northup’s perspective of a free man kidnapped and forced to spend years toiling on plantations was especially disturbing. Northup’s book sold well, and on occasion, his name appeared in newspapers alongside such prominent abolitionist voices as Harriet Beecher Stowe and Frederick Douglass. Yet he did not become an enduring voice in the campaign to end slavery. Though his fame was fleeting, Northup did make an impact on how society viewed slavery. His book seemed to underscore abolitionist arguments advanced by people such as William Lloyd Garrison. And Twelve Years a Slave was published at a time when the controversy over the Fugitive Slave Act and events such as the Christiana Riot were still on the minds of the public. His story came to prominence in recent years thanks to a major film, â€Å"12 Years a Slave,† by British director Steve McQueen. The film won the Oscar for Best Picture of 2014. Northups Life as a Free Man According to his own account, Solomon Northup was born in Essex County, New York, in July 1808. His father, Mintus Northup, had been born a slave, but his owner, a member of a family named Northup, had freed him. Growing up, Solomon learned to read and also learned to play the violin. In 1829 he married, and he and his wife Anne eventually had three children. Solomon found work at various trades, and in the 1830s the family moved to Saratoga, a resort town, where he was employed driving a hack, the horse-drawn equivalent of a taxi. At times he found employment playing the violin, and in early 1841 he was invited by a pair of traveling performers to come with them to Washington, D.C. where they could find lucrative work with a circus. After obtaining papers in New York City establishing that he was free, he accompanied the two white men to the nation’s capital, where slavery was legal. Kidnapping in Washington Northup and his companions, whose names he believed to be Merrill Brown and Abram Hamilton, arrived in Washington in April 1841, just in time to witness the funeral procession for William Henry Harrison, the first president to die in office. Northup recalled watching the pageantry with Brown and Hamilton. That night, after having drinks with his companions, Northup began to feel sick. At some point, he lost consciousness. When he woke, he was in a stone basement, chained to the floor. His pockets had been emptied and the papers documenting that he was a free man were gone. Northup soon learned he was locked inside a slave pen which was within sight of the U.S. Capitol building. A slave dealer named James Burch informed him that he had been purchased and would be sent to New Orleans. When Northup protested and asserted he was free, Burch and another man produced a whip and a paddle, and savagely beat him. Northup had learned it was extremely dangerous to proclaim his status as a free man. Years of Servitude Northup was taken by ship to Virginia and then onward to New Orleans. In a slave market, he was sold to a plantation owner from the region of the Red River, near Marksville, Louisiana. His first owner was a benign and religious man, but when he got into financial difficulty Northup was sold. In one harrowing episode in Twelve Years a Slave, Northup recounted how he got into a physical altercation with a violent white master and was nearly hanged. He spent hours bound with ropes, not knowing if he would soon die. He recalled the day spent standing in the broiling sun: What my meditations were - the innumerable thoughts that thronged through my distracted brain - I will not attempt to give expression to. Suffice it so say, during the whole long day I came not to the conclusion, even once, that the southern slave, fed, clothed, whipped and protected by his master, is happier than the free colored citizen of the North. To that conclusion I have never since arrived. There are many, however, even in the Northern States, benevolent and well-disposed men, who will pronounce my opinion erroneous, and gravely proceed to substantiate the assertion with an argument. Alas! they have never drunk, as I have, from the bitter cup of slavery. Northup survived that early brush with hanging, mainly because it was made clear that he was valuable property. After being sold again, he would spend ten years toiling on the land of Edwin Epps, a plantation owner who treated his slaves brutally. It was known that Northup could play the violin, and he would travel to other plantations to perform at dances. But despite having some ability to move about, he was still isolated from the society in which he had circulated prior to his kidnapping. Northup was literate, a fact he kept hidden as slaves were not allowed to read or write. Despite his ability to communicate, he was unable to mail letters. The one time he was able to steal paper and manage to write a letter, he was unable to find a trustworthy soul to mail it to his family and friends in New York. Freedom After years of enduring forced labor, under threat of whippings, Northup finally met someone he believed he could trust in 1852. A man named Bass, who Northup described as a â€Å"native of Canada† had settled in the area around Marksville, Louisiana and worked as a carpenter. Bass had been working on a new house for Northup’s master, Edwin Epps, and Northup heard him arguing against slavery. Convinced he could trust Bass, Northup revealed to him that he had been free in New York State and was kidnapped and brought to Louisiana against his will. Skeptical, Bass questioned Northup and became convinced of his story. And he resolved to help him obtain his freedom. He wrote a series of letters to people in New York who had known Northup. A member of the family which had owned Northup’s father when slavery was legal in New York, Henry B. Northup, learned of Solomon’s fate. An attorney himself, he took extraordinary legal steps and obtained the proper documents that would allow him to travel into the slave South and retrieve a free man. In January 1853, after a long trip which included a stop in Washington where he met with a Louisiana senator, Henry B. Northup reached the area where Solomon Northup was enslaved. After discovering the name by which Solomon was known as a slave, he was able to find him and initiate legal proceedings. Within days Henry B. Northup and Solomon Northup were traveling back to the North. Legacy of Solomon Northup On his way back to New York, Northup visited Washington, D.C. again. An attempt was made to prosecute a slave dealer involved in his kidnapping years earlier, but the testimony of Solomon Northup was not allowed to be heard as he was black. And without his testimony, the case collapsed. A lengthy article in the New York Times on January 20, 1853, headlined â€Å"The Kidnapping Case,† told the story of Northup’s plight and the thwarted attempt to seek justice. In the next few months, Northup worked with an editor, David Wilson, and wrote Twelve Years a Slave. No doubt anticipating skepticism, Northup and Wilson added extensive documentation to the end of Northup’s account of his life as a slave. Affidavits and other legal documents attesting to the truth of the story added dozens of pages at the end of the book. The publication of Twelve Years a Slave in May 1853 attracted attention. A newspaper in the nation’s capital, the Washington Evening Star, mentioned Northup in a blatantly racist item published with the headline â€Å"Handiwork of Abolitionists†: There was a time when it was possible to preserve order among the negro population of Washington; but then the great majority of that population were slaves. Now, since Mrs. Stowe and her compatriots, Solomon Northup and Fred Douglass, have been exciting the free negroes of the North to action, and some of our resident philanthropists have been acting as agents in that holy cause, our city has been rapidly filling up with drunken, worthless, filthy, gambling, thieving free negroes from the North, or runaways from the South. Solomon Northup did not become a prominent figure in the abolitionist movement, and he seems to have lived quietly with his family in upstate New York. It is believed he died sometime in the 1860s, but by that time his fame had faded and newspapers did not mention his passing. In her non-fiction defense of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, published as The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe referred to Northup’s case. â€Å"The probability is that hundreds of free men and women and children are all the time being precipitated into slavery in this way,† she wrote. Northup’s case was highly unusual. He was able, after a decade of trying, to find a way to communicate with the outside world. And it can never be known how many other free blacks were kidnapped into slavery and were never heard from again.

Parliament house of victoria bc canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Parliament house of victoria bc canada - Essay Example It is situated off the coast of Canada’s Pacific (Olson, 20). The population of Victoria City is about 325000 and takes up only a small corner of the island. The size of the city is almost one-fifth of England. Many parts of the city is filled with so much wilderness that there are no roads and the only option to travel in these parts is by boat or by foot (Olson, 207). The settlement of Victoria City was established in the year 1805 by Martin De Leon. The area was located between the lower Guadalupe River and the Lavaca River and was surrounded by Jackson, Calhoun, DeWitt and Victoria counties. The government house was located on the banks of the Guadalupe River on an area of 640 acre. The first site that was selected was to construct a school in the city. Initially there were eight Catholic Anglo-American families with sufficient wealth. De Leon was supposed to bring 150 families which did not happen because of his â€Å"death and cholera epidemic of 1833†. The cityâ €™s planning was made taking ideas from cities in Europe and Mexico. The City Hall is situated in the old market square (â€Å"Early History of Victoria†). Victoria is a peaceful city and has all the privileges needed by people going on a holiday. The city is major attraction for visitors because it can be easily accessed. Victoria has beautiful gardens with flowers. Butchart Garden which is located in downtown Victoria is a major tourist attraction for its fireworks on Saturday nights. The Royal BC museum is one of the best museums in the world and is a reflection of the city and its people. Ferry rides especially in the evening during sunset is another pleasant activity for tourists (Olson, 1-4). When the city was founded, it was inhabited mostly by people from UK and Scotland. The British rule began in Victoria in the middle of the 19th century when the Strait of Juan de Fuca divided US and

Moral Obligation by Bentham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Obligation by Bentham - Essay Example According to Bentham, "Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as determine what we shall do." (Moore, "Moral and Political Philosophy", p. 282). How a person perceives such obligations to be accepted or rejected, depends upon the conditions it describes make it fair to adopt the stance or not. Moral obligations can be referred to those errands, which one considers to be an essential instance of personality to be adopted. It depends upon as to what extent one feels him socially responsible to be answerable to those instances. These instances show the extent of how much a person is humanistic in behaviour and shows that the conditions of rational power satisfy this constraint: that it is fair to hold people morally responsible if they possess the rational power to grasp and apply moral reasons, and to control their behavior by the light of those reasons. As far as my opinion is concerned I believe every individual in this society has a right to live and let live and not only live but live happily and contentedly which can only possible if one is aware as how to justify morality whatever be the circumstances, this morality teaches us as to how to least expect from the society and giving the society the best we possess in moral notions. When it comes to 'expectations', episodes of guilt, resentment, and indignation are the outcomes of our justifications. Once this interpretation of the reactive emotions is in place, we can draw on it to account for the stance of holding people morally responsible. That stance is characterized by the responses of blame and moral sanction; to understand the stance, we therefore need an interpretation of blame and morals. We should consider those facts that we believe society expects from us, rather than what we expect from society. Only in this case we would be able to fulfil our moral obligation toward s society, our country and above all, ourselves. Â  Euthanasia - Is it immoral to allow Euthanasia to a patient "Euthanasia is the deliberate production of the death of a human being on the grounds that in his situation it is considered that it is better that he should be dead than that he should continue to live". (Wilkinson, 1990, p. 10) Many thinkers and philosophers believe that Euthanasia is immoral. According to Rachels, "thinkers oppose killing patients in any circumstances whatever. However, they think it is all right, in some special circumstances, to allow patients to die by withholding treatment". If we view 'Euthanasia' in the light of philosophical rationalizations, we would come to know what Epicurus has tried to explain, "death is nothing to us. For all good and evil consists in sensation, but death is deprivation of sensation. And therefore a right understanding that death is nothing to us makes the mortality of life enjoyable, not because it adds to it an infinite span of time, but because it takes away the craving for immortality". (Moore, "Moral and Political Philosophy", p . 291) As said by Epictetus, "Some things are under our control, while others are not under our control". (Moore, "Moral and Political Philosophy", p. 293)

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Report - Essay Example Notably, this case represented a miscarriage of justice. The evidence presented by Krex’s attorney pointed to his innocence. This evidence engrossed two trial expert witnesses who had alluded to Mr. Klex’s innocence and a justification professional witness, a world renowned handwriting expert, who noted that Mr. Klex was innocent (McLaughlin 1). Courts should take measures to maintain both the veracity of convictions and the moral force of their burden of proof. In Mr. Klex’s case, the judge denied a caregiver from speaking on behalf of Mr. Klex’s satisfactory character and his attribute as a loving and a caring husband (McLaughlin 1). This court failed on its part of burden of proof. This is among the many reasons for wrongful convictions for deeds people did not do. Over the past three years, more than eleven convicts have been exonerated on account of actual innocence based on evidence. In order to establish the innocence of an accused, the courts require assistance from an expert in fields such as science. In the case of Mr. Klex, the judge refused to hear out a renowned forensic handwriting expert who acknowledged that Mr. Klex was innocent (McLaughlin 1). If many of the cases in Pennsylvania were to be reviewed, there would be some cases where those convicted are innocent in the sense that they did not partake in the crime. In order to guarantee that such instances do not recur, it is essential for the Pennsylvanian criminal justice system to consider all the recommendations contained in the report of the advisory committee on wrongful convictions. Who would object to efforts of eliminating wrongful convictions? What would be eviler than taking guiltless citizens, tarnishing their lives and punishing them for offenses they did not commit? After having studied why innocent men and women were wrongfully convicted and doomed, the advisory committee established that some of the basis of wrongful convictions

Entity ritual and power an anthroplogical

Entity ritual and power an anthroplogical Anthropology 103 is an introduction to some of the major topics and issues that concern social and cultural anthropologists today. It complements Anth 102: Anthropological Perspectives, offered in the second semester, which deals with a separate range of anthropological issues. Together, Anth 102 and 103 constitute a comprehensive introduction to anthropology and students intending to major in anthropology should do both of them. Both Anth 102 and Anth 103 also complement our other 100-level courses, Anth 104: Endangered Peoples (offered in 2011) and Anth 105: Human Evolution, offered this semester. Course convenor lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Patrick McAllister, Room 325, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Phone: ext 7103; email: [emailprotected] Course administrator: Roslyn Kerr, Room 207, School of Social and Political Sciences Phone: ext 7185; email: [emailprotected]y.ac.nz Tutors: Amba Brackenreg Morton, Room 207, School of Social and Political Sciences Phone: ext 7185; email: [emailprotected] Niki McCusker, Room 207, School of Social and Political Sciences Phone: ext 7185; email: [emailprotected] Consulting hours: Your tutor will inform you of her/his consulting hours once you have been assigned to a tutorial group. Feel free to make an appointment with the course lecturer at any time. Lectures and tutorials: There will be two lectures a week on Monday from 11 to 11.50 a.m. in A4 lecture theatre and Wednesday from 11 to 11.50 a.m. in A5 lecture theatre. There is one compulsory tutorial a week. Tutorial groups, venues and times will be arranged at the beginning of the course. Lecture outlines will be posted on Learn each week. Assessment: Tutorial participation (attendance and preparation of notes) 15% Class test: Wednesday31 March 15% Essay: due on Friday 21 May 20% Exam (date t.b.a.) 50% Satisfactory participation in tutorials will require the preparation of written notes (approximately one page of 300 words per tutorial) based on the tutorial reading. Most tutorials involve participation in small-group work, and adequate preparation is essential. You are required to take a hard copy of the notes to the tutorial so that you can consult it during discussions. The notes will be collected and recorded but not assessed, but the mark for tutorial participation is based on both the hard copy handed in to the tutor and on your attendance at the tutorial. The essay (see p. 7) should be typed, double spaced, and around 2000 words in length. Learn contains a guide to essay writing and a referencing guide which you must read. The class test will be based entirely on material dealt with in tutorials and lectures, including the relevant readings in the course reader (weekly readings as well as tutorial readings). The exam will be based on all aspects of the course readings, lectures, tutorials and videos. For details on assessment policy, aegrotats, extensions, etc., see Learn. Course reader and Tutorial readings: Part One of the Course Reader contains the weekly readings relevant to the weekly lectures. Tutorial readings are found in Part Two of the course reader. Students are also advised to consult the Anthropology and other social science encyclopaedias in the reference section of the Central Library. Textbook: There is a recommended text book for this course, available from the University book shop. It is Monaghan, J and Just, P. Social and Cultural Anthropology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, 2000. There is also a course Reader. It contains readings relevant to both lectures and tutorials but not readings from the recommended text book. Other recommended texts (on short loan in the library): Metcalf, Peter Anthropology: The Basics. Routledge 2005. Eriksen, Thomas Hyland Small Places, Large Issues. Second edition. London: Pluto Press. 2001. Internet resources: Learn contains everything you need to know about the course (see http://learn.canterbury.ac.nz/login/index.php) and also has links to a number of sites of interest to anthropologists. Course overview: Anth 103 introduces students to a range of topics aimed at enabling them to critically examine the nature and role of culture in constructing a sense of individual and collective identity, and how this is related to various forms of power. Culture is viewed as a system of symbols that provide meaning, manifested in language, in notions of space and place, in art, in ritual, and in other material things such as food and dress. The course explores the role of symbols and rituals in the construction of culture. It demonstrates how ideas about culture may form the basis of group formation, ethnic and national identity, and how many forms of social action (including conflict between groups) may be understood as the politics of culture in which there are struggles for identity and power. Culture and identity are frequently acted out or performed in ritual and other forms of public action, and the notion of performance is introduced and developed in relation to the construc tion and demonstration of identity. The course illustrates the diverse nature of the ways in which humans perform identity and how these topics are of interest and relevance to countries such as New Zealand. In this sense it demonstrates how anthropology is relevant in todays world, by showing how an anthropological approach may be applied to contemporary social issues. _____________________________________________________________________ ­Ã‚ ­ Lecture programme _____________________________________________________________________ Week 1 22 February We start, this week and next, with an introduction to socio-cultural anthropology, its perspectives and its methods. Certain basic anthropological concerns are introduced. These include the nature of culture and society, and the ways in which humans organise themselves socially (weeks 2 and 3). In later weeks we see that time, space, the body and material culture form important components of this, as do ritual and power. In this respect the importance of symbols and meaning are emphasised, before we move on (in the second half of the course) to the question of ritual and ritual performance, through which culture is expressed, identities constructed and maintained, and power relationships acted out and reflected upon. Ritual performances, then, turn out to be basic to understanding the nature of social identity and the politics of culture, and vice versa. Videos and video clips are used to provide visual illustrations and food for thought. 1. Welcome and introduction what is socio-cultural anthropology, and why study it? Academic members of the UC anthropology programme and what they do. 2. The anthropological approach: Ethnographic fieldwork Video: Off the Verandah (Malinowski) Readings: Monaghan and Just 2000 (ch1); Eriksen 2001, ch 3. No tutorial this week. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 2 1 March 3. Culture and society: Video: The Kawelka: Ongkas Big Moka 4. Culture, symbols, society, meaning: Video: Dogtown and Z boys Readings: Monaghan and Just 2000 (chs 2 3); Hendry, 1999, ch 1. Tutorial Metcalf refers to the culture shock experienced by anthropological fieldworkers. How is this illustrated by Richard Lees experience of Christmas in the Kalahari? Metcalf 2005, ch1; Lee 2000. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 3 8 March 5. Symbols, identity and power: Video: Dogtown and Z boys (contd.) 6. Reflections and consolidation: Dogtown, the Kawelka, and the anthropological approach Reading: Delaney 2004, pp. 323-332 Tutorial It has been suggested that culture consists of meanings conveyed by symbols. Your tutorial notes should address the following questions: What is a symbol? How do symbols convey meaning? Why is symbolism central to understanding culture and society? Hendry 1999, Ch 5. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 4 15 March 7. Material culture the things that matter 8. Economic anthropology The Potlatch. Video: Box of Treasures Readings: Monaghan and Just 2000 (ch 6); Piddocke 1965 Tutorial Body ritual in New Zealand society: How does body ritual and the associated material things in your own home compare with the lengths to which the Nacirema go to ensure bodily purity? Miner 2000. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 5 22 March 9. Time and space 10. The politics of culture. Video: Basques of Santazi Readings: Bourdieu 1973 Tutorial Maria Tam considers yumcha to be a typically Hong Style of eating. What is the connection between food, time and place in this instance? Can you think of other examples of close associations between a particular national or regional identity and specific foods or eating styles? Tam 1997. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 6 29 March 11. The politics of culture (contd) 12. Class test. Readings: Monaghan and Just 2000 (ch 5); Atran 2007. Tutorial Race and culture: Why is race a discredited concept in biology? And if it is discredited, why is it relevant to anthropologists? Check it out in your tutorial readings, then go to the library and look through last weeks New Zealand and Australian newspapers for articles that refer to race, race differences, or similar issues and bring the article with you to the tutorial for discussion, along with your notes. Metcalf 2005, ch 2; Diamond 1999. _____________________________________________________________________ Mid semester break _____________________________________________________________________ Week 7 26 April 13. Nationalism and ethnicity: Ethnicity and the politics of culture in New Zealand 14. Aesthetics, identity and society Readings: Eriksen 2001, ch 17-18; Hendry 1999, ch 6 Tutorial: Discuss and evaluate Koligs analysis of the links between culture, ethnicity, politics and power in New Zealand. Kolig 2009. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 8 3 May 15. Religion and Ritual 16. Ritual and the life-cycle Readings: Monaghan and Just 2000 (ch 7); Hendry 1999 (ch 4) Tutorial What are the characteristics of the liminal stage of rites of passage? Turner 2000. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 9 10 May 17. Rites of Passage. Video: Masai Manhood 18. Masai ritual, politics and power Readings: Turnbull 1993 (Ch 10) Tutorial How did Moerans attention to the ritualised consumption of alcohol and to drinking talk help him to understand power relations in the Japanese community that he studied? Moeran 1998. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 10 17 May 19. Ritual, identity, power witches, sorcerers, and oracles Video: Strange Beliefs (Evan-Pritchard) 20. Magic and shamanism Video: Off the Verandah (Malinowski) Readings: Beattie 1964, pp. 139-151 Tutorial What is globalization and why are anthropologists interested in it? Eriksen 2001, ch 19. _____________________________________________________________________ Week 11 24 May 21. Cultural performance 22. Performing identity: Video Trobriand Cricket Readings: Bauman 1992 Tutorial What are the ways in which you perform your identity? How are such performances related to your nationality, age, gender, education and ethnicity? Fernea and Fernea 2000 _____________________________________________________________________ Week 12 31 May 23. Cultural performance and public ritual in New Zealand: ANZAC Day 24. Conclusion, course overview, exam details Readings: Delaney 2004, 376-391 Tutorial Revision and consolidation _____________________________________________________________________ Essay; due on Friday 21 May (2000 words, typed) Choose ONE of the following topics. 1. Discuss the usefulness or otherwise of regarding Pakeha/Maori relations as relations between ethnic groups. Use the media to make reference to contemporary issues and controversies in your answer. Banks, M. Ethnicity : Anthropological Constructions. London; New York : Routledge. 1996. Eriksen, T. H. Ethnicity and Nationalism : Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto. 1993. Kolig, E. Romancing Culture and its Limitations: Policies of Cultural Recognition, Multiculturalism and Cultural Boundaries in New Zealand. In The Politics of Conformity in New Zealand, edited by R. Openshaw and E. Rata. Auckland: Pearson. 2009. Kottak, C. Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity. 9th edition. McGraw Hill. 2002. Ch 12. Barber, K. Pakeha Ethnicity and Indigeneity. Social Analysis, 43, 2. 1999 Spoonley, P Pearson, C. Nga Patai: Racism and Ethnic Relations in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press. 1996. (Chapters by Bell and Spoonley). 2. Anthropology is said to be concerned with the contemporary study of culture and society. What do these two terms mean, and in what ways are they connected? Barnard, A. and J. Spencer Encyclopaedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. London: Routledge. 1996. (Make use of other Anthropology encyclopaedias as well). Metcalf, Peter.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anthropology: The Basics.  Ã‚   Abingdon/New York: Routledge. 2005. Bailey, James and Peoples, Garrick. Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. 6th edition. Belmont, Ca.: Thomson/Wadsworth. 2003 Hendry, Joy. An Introduction to Social Anthropology. London: MacMillan Press. 1999. Eriksen, Thomas Hyland. Small Places, Large Issues. Second edition. London: Pluto Press. 2001 Beattie, John. Other Cultures. London:Routledge. 1964. 3. The body, it is said, is not a natural thing but a cultural one. The body is implicated in ritual and performance, and it is an important source of symbolism in most societies. Discuss. Delaney, Carol. An Experiential Introduction to Anthropology. Malden/Oxford. 2004, chs 6-8 Hendry, Joy. An Introduction to Social Anthropology. London: MacMillan Press. 1999. Ch 5 Bowie, F. The anthropology of religion. Second edition. Oxford Blackwells. 2006. Ch 2. Hertz, R. Death and the Right Hand. London: Cohen and West. 1960. pp89-116.

Caffeine Extraction from Tea Pre Lab Report Essay

Describe an alternative method for evaporation of the CH2Cl2 Can be steamed and then rinsed with ethyl acetate for several hours, and then rinsed with water, or can be soaked in a bath of CO2 and run through water, making carboxylic acid. (2) Caffeine: (4) Repeated exposure can produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs. First Aid Measures: Eye contact – Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. WARM water MUST be used. Get medical attention. Skin Contact – Immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention. Serious Skin Contact – Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. Inhalation – remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. Serious Inhalation – Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Seek medical attention. Ingestion – do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention immediately. Dichloromethane: (5) Causes eye and skin irritation, respiratory tract irritation. Harmful if swallowed and possibly if inhaled. May cause central nervous system effects, and kidney damage. First Aid measure:  Eyes – immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid. Skin – flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops and persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion – If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Inhalation – remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,  give oxygen. Get medical aid. 6. A rotary evaporator (rotovap) is typically used in chemistry for the removal of solvent from samples by the process of evaporation. Can also be used in molecular cooking for the preparation of distillates and extr acts. How the rotovap works, is it increases the rate of evaporation of the solvent by reducing the pressure to lower the boiling point of the solvent, rotating the sample to increase the effective surface area and heating the solution. (6)   When performing a liquid-liquid extraction, the separatory funnel should be (c) 3/4 full. List two things you should do before pouring liquid into a separatory funnel: be sure the stopcock is in the closed position  be sure the stopcock is sideways tight.  Dichloromethane will be the bottom layer, since it has a higher density than the aqueous solution. The stopper must be removed from the sep funnel when liquid is being drained from it through the stopcock, so that air can flow in through the top while the liquid is flowing out the bottom. References 1. Chem Spider. 2011. Caffeine. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html. [Accessed 07 October 14]. 2. Beverage Answers. 2014. Decaffienated Tea – How is Decaf Tea Made. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.beverageanswers.com/tea/decaf-tea.html. [Accessed 07 October 14]. 3. The Modern Embalmer. 2012. CALL OF THE WILD: TAXIDERMY TANNIC ACID/TANNINS IN EMBALMING. A DEAD-END ROAD TO FORMALDEHYDE-FREE CHEMICALS.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.themodernembalmer.com/tannin.html. [Accessed 07 October 14]. 4. Science Lab. 2013. Material Safety Data Sheet Caffeine MSDS. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927475. [Accessed 07 October 14]. 5.Science Lab. 2013. Material Safety Data Sheet Dichloromethane MSDS. [ONLINE] Available at: http://wcam.engr.wisc.edu/Public/Safety/MSDS/Dichloromethane.pdf. [Accessed 07 October 14]. 6. Chem.UCalgary. 2014. Organic Laboratory Techniques. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.chem.ucalg ary.ca/courses/351/laboratory/rotavap.pdf. [Accessed 07 October 14].

Childhood as key role in our life Essay

Childhood plays a key role in our life, actually our character and personality builds up in childhood. Besides, we as adults have a lot of concern and we should face many stressful situations like finding jobs, getting married and so on, On the other hand, children are free of all them. I do agree with the statement which childhood is the happiest time in person’s life, I explain more about as follows. First, adults, they have a lot of responsibility. For instance I as mother and wife not only do I have to take care of my children and house but also I have to work as a teacher. Therefore, I am so busy but ,when I was a child my most concern was game. I just play with my friends all the time. I do not have any responsibility. I believe that childhood is the happiest time because you are care free, so children enjoy their life without any stress. They are not worry about the future. Second, as an adult I am happy in some especial events. see more:speech on role of teacher in student life For example when I get promotion in my carrier or when I get high salary I feel happy, but children do not have big expectations they satisfy with toys and friends. I can remember when I was a child everything were new for me I ask about anything which I saw. child finds out what a beautiful, amazing world. I was just curious I wanted to discover new things, I can remember what a amazing time was when I saw sheep for the first time. Everything which seems usual and rotin but that time everything were new and wonderful. Taking everything into consideration, childhood is happiest time because children are care free and they do not have any responsibility besides everything are new and strange to children . their most concern is play and find out and understand new things.

The Rambler Essays - 9, You Got To Move, Battle Of Stone Corral

The Rambler Essays - 9, You Got To Move, Battle Of Stone Corral The Rambler The Rambler What I remember about the years before I started school was camping, camping, camping. Our family traveled all around the country visiting all the places youd ever want to see in the great old United States of America. Gas was much cheaper back then, probably not much more than a quarter for a gallon. We werent the only ones doing it either. There were plenty of families just like us with their station wagons loaded up and all the kids in back taking off for the Grand Canyon or Yellowstone Park or wherever sounded like a good adventure. Before we got the VW camper we had a Rambler station wagon that broke down on the side of the road somewhere in Alabama. We pulled over for a pit stop and it got stuck in the gravel and we were stranded. It was my birthday in 1968 and Robert F. Kennedy had just been assassinated the night before. In the motel my parents watched it all on television like the whole country. We were probably on our way to Mexico. We left our home in New Jersey as the sum mer was kicking off and drove through all the states before we got to the border at Texas. Every time we entered a new state it was a reason for a mini-celebration and wed hoot and holler when we saw the official State sign welcoming us. Sometimes we passed through states so quickly we could do a few in one day. We went through Ohio and Illinois and Kentucky and Tennessee and Mississippi and I remember it very clearly. My parents would drive all day and sometimes into the night. They had a plaid thermos of coffee up in the front with them and theyd take turns driving and switch as fast as they could. Sometimes it seems like they didnt want to lose time stopping the car and pulling over so theyd try to switch places while still driving. Is that possible? We stayed in a million campsites. Sometimes it was just for the night, but a few times we found a place and stayed for a few days or a week or longer. I wasnt in charge of the itinerary and Im not sure how set our schedule was. It seems like there was plenty of flexibility to change our plans or our route and take a detour to wherever tickled my parents fancy. Now when I look back, Im trying to assess my parents motives for all those trips and all the territory we covered. Since so many other American families were doing their own road trips at the time and it was a real national pastime maybe my folks were just being competitive and trying to rack up more more states than the Jones next door. I dont really believe that was the case, and the reason is that they continued to camp and keep the same car and my mom is still driving down to Mexico by herself these days, while most Americans have given up cross-country travel by automobile. So there must have been something in their spirit to want to ramble on to the next exciting destination, simply for the thrill of it. My father was already retired at this point and had traveled all around the world by ship. He had been to South America and India and the Middle East and sailed the Seven Seas for most of this career. It was my mom, however, who I think had a genuine wanderlust and she still ca nt settle down even now at the age of 84. It was because of her insistence and good planning and careful budgeting and organized packing that we were able to successfully navigate and enjoy all the places we visited. She logged every mile and counted the change for every tollbooth and my father seemed to only drive and go along with what she suggested. He used to get impatient about mom always packing the car so full. But when we pulled in to a campsite at night, he had his tea the way he liked it and his special cheeses and crumpets and our favorite blankets

Free Essays on Burger King Vs Mcdonalds

Burger King vs. McDonald’s. Everybody loves fast food, but not everyone agrees on which fast food restaurant is the best. Burger King and McDonald’s are two of the most successful chains on the East Coast. Of these two, Burger Kings quality and value far exceeds that of McDonald’s. I have felt this way for as long as I have been able to think for myself, and I can use several points to argue my opinion. First I’d like to point out the quality differences between Burger King's food and McDonald’s food. McDonald’s fries their burgers so they are pretty much cooked in their own fat, then after cooking they become dry rendering them almost flavorless. If that’s not bad enough, the burgers miniscule size makes you wonder why you even wasted your money on it. Burger King burgers on the other hand, I have often found myself drooling over. Being flame broiled, they are often very juicy, filling your mouth with that awesome fire grilled taste. Also, when it comes to size, Burger King burgers are huge. Even their regular hamburgers are almost as big as McDonald’s largest sandwich, the â€Å"Quarter Pounder†. Another example is the delicious flame broiled â€Å"Whopper†, the biggest and tastiest burgers on the Burger king menu. Being the sandwich that made them famous, McDonald’s tried to copy the â€Å"Whopper† by creating the â€Å"Big Extra†, a big disappointment. Although the burger was about the same size as the â€Å"Whopperâ€Å", it lacked that flame broiled taste, which they tried to cover up by adding steak seasoning to the patty, making it taste nauseatingly awful. Eventually the â€Å"Big Extra† was renamed â€Å"Big and Tasty†, the burger shrunk, they dropped the seasoni ng, and it then found it’s way to the dollar menu (they could barely even give them away). The next thing I want to compare are fries. McDonalds claims there fries are crispy and golden brown, now I don’t know about you, but every time I got McDona... Free Essays on Burger King Vs Mcdonalds Free Essays on Burger King Vs Mcdonalds Burger King vs. McDonald’s. Everybody loves fast food, but not everyone agrees on which fast food restaurant is the best. Burger King and McDonald’s are two of the most successful chains on the East Coast. Of these two, Burger Kings quality and value far exceeds that of McDonald’s. I have felt this way for as long as I have been able to think for myself, and I can use several points to argue my opinion. First I’d like to point out the quality differences between Burger King's food and McDonald’s food. McDonald’s fries their burgers so they are pretty much cooked in their own fat, then after cooking they become dry rendering them almost flavorless. If that’s not bad enough, the burgers miniscule size makes you wonder why you even wasted your money on it. Burger King burgers on the other hand, I have often found myself drooling over. Being flame broiled, they are often very juicy, filling your mouth with that awesome fire grilled taste. Also, when it comes to size, Burger King burgers are huge. Even their regular hamburgers are almost as big as McDonald’s largest sandwich, the â€Å"Quarter Pounder†. Another example is the delicious flame broiled â€Å"Whopper†, the biggest and tastiest burgers on the Burger king menu. Being the sandwich that made them famous, McDonald’s tried to copy the â€Å"Whopper† by creating the â€Å"Big Extra†, a big disappointment. Although the burger was about the same size as the â€Å"Whopperâ€Å", it lacked that flame broiled taste, which they tried to cover up by adding steak seasoning to the patty, making it taste nauseatingly awful. Eventually the â€Å"Big Extra† was renamed â€Å"Big and Tasty†, the burger shrunk, they dropped the seasoni ng, and it then found it’s way to the dollar menu (they could barely even give them away). The next thing I want to compare are fries. McDonalds claims there fries are crispy and golden brown, now I don’t know about you, but every time I got McDona...

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Film Analysis - Essay Example Despite his parents being in the film industry, Nakamura had not explored the field until his days in college. This is when he discovered film as a tool of empowering and inspiring the community. He was an Asian-American studies student, and he created his first film â€Å"Yellow Brotherhood†, which was about a youth basketball team in Los Angeles. The team mainly composed of the children whose fathers were founders of a Japanese-American anti-gang organization of â€Å"Yellow Brotherhood†. He aimed at producing films that involved and educated the youth. He observed that, watching educative documentaries can help a student to pass an examination. He used hip-hop music as soundtracks of his films as a way of attracting the attention of the youth because Hip hop music is highly associated with the youth. His thesis project was about Chris Iijima, who was a Japanese-American folk musician and Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell both were part of the Asian American movement of the 1960s (Friedbacher & Bubert 215). The pilgrimage was the first movie to focus on the reality of the World War II concentration camp experience that was never understood by the public. It showed how the children of the victims reclaimed the World War II camps. Pilgrimage was a film that brought into light the 9/11 world by featuring interviews with the Arab-Americans of the post 9/11 era. His father and grandparents were detained at the desolate internment camp. After the war, the government, his relatives and other Japanese-American survivors of the camps never shared their experiences in the camp. They chose to keep it as a secret as they saw it was something that was not appealing to be included in a conversation (Friedbacher & Bubert 234). Nakamura hoped that Pilgrimage, would shed some light to past and present events to the youth and hence inspire them. He spent most of his first year finalizing the film and making it ready for distribution to schools and colleges.

Field inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Field inventory - Essay Example e of the church is captured in their website that acknowledges that visiting a new church can be quite an intimidating experience, and, therefore, it is the objective to make any visitor to feel welcomed and at home as much as possible. I had previously visited this church in 2013 and had gathered quite a considerable amount of information from those two visits. The members of the church participate in intense praise and worship sessions. The worship takes various different forms in the church and include hymns of praise, prayers sessions, conduction of praise sessions together with the accompaniment of instruments such as the guitar, tambourine. This also includes the creation of a warm and welcoming environment as done by the welcoming committee at the door that welcome the worshippers with a handshake and a warm smile. Their services start at 9.30 am each Sunday morning which are also available as podcasts for downloading and online listening. There are different types of services to serve the different age groups that exist in the church. Therefore they have different services for the adults as in the parents, the young adults and for the smaller children. The atmosphere at CCML is a very friendly one and I was constantly getting introductions to individuals that were ready to welcome me and offer their assistance in incorporating me into the church community. I had the chance of meeting a senior member of the church who has a son that works with one of the biggest firms in Saudi Arabia. We exchanged our contact information promising to assist each other if the need to do so ever arose. I started to get to know the operation of the church and its core mission within the society. The mission of the organization is phrased as knowing, growing and loving. The church’s mission is to worship together as a community made up of a group of closely knit members, who grow and obtain spiritual maturity through discipleship, and education. The mission of the Chu rch is to

Studies in International Film Critical Analysis Essay

Studies in International Film Critical Analysis - Essay Example They produced films which were dream like with flawless linear narrative and with little relation with the realities of life outside the theatre. They conceived of a star system to help the marketing of these films. Hollywood films were exported all around the world and just after the World War 1 Hollywood Cinema was the major influence in the world of cinema globally. Both the German expressionism as well as the Soviet Montage movement countered this Hollywood supremacy and its concept of Cinema. The Soviet Montage: Cinema had evolved a language through the classics of Edwin Porter (The Great Train Robbery – 1905) and D.W Griffith (Birth of a Nation -1915), both of course from Hollywood. But it was the era of silent Soviet cinema of the 20s that gave this language a grammer.The grammer is decided by the director and not by the actor. Actor, unlike in the Hollywood star system was yet another object in front of the camera. After the 1917 October revolution, young film makers i n Soviet Union, began working on building a new cinema for the new society. They experimented with the camera and with the shots on the edit table. Lev Kuleshov (1899-1970) was the leader of these experiments in the State Film School. His famous experiment with the stock shot of the face of the actor Ivan Mosjoukin proved that a single shot generated no particular meaning. Two shots juxtaposed and clashing with each other generate a concept or idea in the mind of the spectator. Thus cinema happens not on the screen but in the mind of the spectator. Sergei Eisenstein, the most famous disciple of Kuleshov, clarifies it like this: â€Å"A work of art understood dynamically is just a process of arranging images in the feelings and minds of the spectator (Word and Image, Film Sense PP 17). Vsevolod Pudovkin (Mother -1926) and Dziga Vertov (The Man with a Movie Camera -1929) were the other disciples of Kuleshove. Battleship Potemkin: Sergei Eisenstein is not only a master film maker, but also one of the most prominent film theoretician in the history of world cinema. He developed the concept of montage further and found out five different types of montage possible-- Metric Montage which concentrates on the contradictory lengths of the shots, Rhythmic Montage which concentrates on the contradictory movements within the shot, Tonal montage based on the contradiction of color tones or emotional tones, Over tonal Montage depending on the over tones / under tones of color and Intellectual montage, consequential images juxtaposed and generating an intellectual idea. Battleship Potemkin made in 1925 carries all the five types of montages at different stages of the development of the film and hence is a text book for the Soviet Montage theory. The film is based on the incidents of 1905 revolution. The crew of a battleship revolts against the officers on account of bad meat served to them. The officers oppress the revolt and the leader of the rebellion is killed. But the re bellious crew captures the control of the ship which moves to the port of Odessa. The people of the port town join the rebels and start sending the badly needed supplies to the rebellious ship. Suddenly the military appears to take revenge against the people, and the people are shot down brutally on the steps of Odessa. The battle ship returns fire to the military head quarters. The guns are

Ford Motor’s Financial Health Progress Report Essay Example for Free

Ford Motor’s Financial Health Progress Report Essay In the coming week, Learning Team B will discuss the financial health of Ford Motor Co. The discussion will include an analysis of the current financial condition after calculating profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, and solvency ratios. We will answer questions about where the company began, how the company manages their investments, and where the company is now financially. We will also look at the DuPont Method as it relates to Ford Motor Co. and their financial troubles. Specific Task that have been Accomplished How Much the Company has borrowed? It has been discovered that Ford Motor Co. borrowed 23.5 billion dollars in 2006 from the government in an effort to reduce debt. Ford Motor Company’s debt liabilities, long term-debts, current notes is the total of what the company has borrowed. Define the Business Need Because of the money borrowed, Ford is in better shape than General Motors and Chrysler. The financial ratios, profitability, liquidity, activity, solvency, have already been calculated. The business need will include high-level deliverables to resolve problems. The business needs of the Ford Motor Company is to improve in the area of return on equity and return on capital by addressing customer service needs and customer satisfaction as a means of retention of reputation and quality assurance. How liquid is the Company The liquidation of Ford Motor Company can easily be defined as the ability in which as asset can be converted into cash, to meet short-term financial obligations. In order for Ford to meet this obligation, the company has to have more liquid. The company can calculate their liquids by using financial rations such as cash ratio, quick ratio, and current ratio. How Efficiently the Organization is using its Assets This will be determined by using the Debt Ratios of the company’s liabilities and assets. Additionally, the straight line depreciation method will be used to determine if assets are profitable or assuming greater debt to the company. Strength and weakness The strength and weakness of an organization is crucial. According to (Titman, Keown, Martin, p. 79), â€Å"Financial ratios provide a second method for standardizing the financial information in the income statement and balance sheet. Ratios answer questions about the firm’s financial health or strength and weaknesses.† The relevant questions are how liquid is the firm, will it be able to pay on time, did the firm finance the purchase of assets, is the management efficient in utilizing assets to generate sales, is ROI adequate based on the organization financial goals and objectives, and are shareholders getting value for their investment. The ratio mechanism is liquidity, capital structure, and asset management efficiency, profitability, and market value ratios assessments. â€Å"The acid test is the current ratio to assess firm liquidity; we assume that the firm’s accounts receivable will be collected and turned into cash on a timely basis and that its inventories can be sold without an extended delay. But the truth is that a company’s inventory might not be very liquid at all, (Titman, Keown, Martin, p. 80).† Debt Equity Financing According to (Investorwords.com, 2014), â€Å"Debt financing requires borrowing money, usually as a loan from a bank, financial institution or commercial finance companies, to fund investment of the organization.† Organizations must keep in mind that debt builds credit that s supports lower insurance rates and future borrowing. Additionally, an organization can gain a tax deductible interest rate to lessen the impact of repayment. Equity financing requires investment partners that provide funding for a share of ownership. Each type of financing has advantages and disadvantages of appeal, organizations use both to finance investment ventures. Problems, Solutions, and Potential Issues The high-level of deliverables occurs according to the Britannica (2014)  website â€Å"because of financial struggles at the beginning of the 21st century, the company sold off Aston Martin in 2007 and both Jaguar and Land Rover in 2008.† In addition to selling â€Å"Ford manufactures passenger cars, trucks, and tractors as well as parts and accessories.† Next Steps The team should further expound on the business need of Ford Motor Co. The Market Value Added (EVA) and Economic Value Added (EVA) have been research, but need to be further researched to explain difference it makes for Ford Motor Co. All ratios and ROE need to be calculated and explained: ELIZABETH Profitability Ratio Liquidity Ratio Activity Ratio Solvency Ratio ROE DuPont Method Finally, the team needs to determine how profitable the organization is at the end of the research. Conclusion In concluding, Learning Team B discusses the financial health of Ford Motor Company within a progress report. The report includes an analysis of the current financial condition after calculating profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, and solvency ratios. The report answer questions about where the company began, how the company manages their investments, and where the company is now financially. The report finally looks into the DuPont Method as it relates to Ford Motor Co. and their financial troubles.

Aleander Hamilton Essay -- Biography Biographies

alexander hamilton Alexander Hamilton is among a group of men extolled as the founders of America. These framers, as they are best known, tend to be grouped, by modern Americans, into a single, homogeneous aggregate of people, with identical beliefs, political tactics, and goals. This generalization is far from reality, however. This is demonstrated in Forrest McDonald’s book, Alexander Hamilton: A Biography. Perhaps the most interesting part of the life of Alexander Hamilton was its first half. During this time, Hamilton formed many of the beliefs and practices that would guide the rest of his life and our nation, first, as the Secretary of the Treasury, and, later, as President of the United States of America. Hamilton’s early life can be divided into three main sections: his childhood, his education, and his public service. Hamilton was the son of a respectable French woman, Rachel Faucett, and a Scottish nobleman, James Hamilton. Alexander’s parents separated when he was two. His mother took custody of himself and his brother. Living in a single parent home, truly a rarity in the 18th century, young Hamilton was forced to labor tirelessly as a child to help support the family. It was this hard work, however, that gave Hamilton the work ethic that he would later so frequently employ. His mother died nine years later. Hamilton, thus, continued his pattern of self-reliance. Most revealingly, the boy longed for fame. This lust, a direct result of his ro...

Effects of War on Soldiers Essay

The very act of enlisting as a soldier subjects a person to a plethora of stress related complications that originates from physical, emotional, to psychological elements of a human being. Soldiers undergo intensive forms of training in order to gain the much needed battlefront resilience, however, far many military training facilities concentrates on the physical part of the hardening at the expense of psychological and emotional aspects. According to the U. S Army Chief of Infantry, Major General Paul Eaton, the American army does perfectly well in preparing soldiers physically but it dedicates a paltry time in preparing them psychologically and emotionally. [Jeffrey et al, 2004] This results to very physically competent soldiers but psychological and emotional babies who can not endure extreme emotional and psychological challenges. Soldiers and medical officers get through very horrifying circumstances that may leave them physically, emotionally or psychologically scarred. Some of the common experienced effects of war apart from death and loss of body parts are feelings of detachment, irritability, sleeplessness, loss of concentration, and night mares, which result from constant exposure to horrifying and traumatic experiences that are common in battlefields. [Associated Press, June 30, 2004] A soldier in combat undergoes countless mortification, among which could be unending months and years of exposure to desert heat, scorching jungle, hammering rains, ice-covered mount tops and tundra conditions among many other dehumanizing weather conditions. Very often soldiers goes without enough food and sleep and worse still faces constant uncertainty that gradually wears and tears a soldier’s sense of control over their lives and their environment. [Grossman, 1999] The extinction of beloved and intimate fellows in battle fields leads to great horror and it normally causes great severance of the emotional wound which like a physical one is maybe fatal. These emotional wounds like the physical ones sometimes heals but may ache or even shrink when exposed to severe or irritating touches. Combatants of war continue to nurse such emotional wounds and it reaches times when the wounds can not hold on to any more of the irritating touches, at these points a combatant nervous system breaks and therefore he or she becomes a psychiatric casualty. [Associated Press, June 30, 2004] According to Richard Gabriel nations normally counts the cost of war in terms of dollars, lost production, number of soldiers killed or wounded soldiers, but rarely do they make efforts of measuring the costs incurred in the war in terms of individual suffering. According to him one of the major effects of war that has established itself in post 20th century warfare is psychiatric breakdown, unfortunately it has continued to receive a paltry attention despite it being the most costly item of war when put in human terms. He asserts that in virtually every major battle fought the probability of getting a psychiatric casualty is high than even getting killed by enemy fire. [Grossman, 1999] During the World War II for instance, America lost over 500,000 combatants as a result of psychiatric collapse, a large force enough to man 50 divisions, this happened despite intensified efforts to weed out those who were perceived to be emotionally unfit for combat. At one point in World War II, psychiatric casualties were being discharged from the American army at a faster rate than new recruits were being engaged in. A study done by Swank and Marchand about World War II on US Army combatants indicated that after a period of 60 days in constant battle atmosphere on the beaches of Normandy, 98 % of the surviving soldiers had become psychiatric casualties, while the remaining 2 % experienced what was termed as â€Å"aggressive psychopathic personalities. † [Grossman, 1999] These findings points to the fact that continuous exposure to extreme battle conditions is equally worse and can cause death as enemy fire does. Nevertheless, this kind of unending, protracted warfare that produces a high turnover of psychiatric casualty numbers is largely associated to the military and technological advancements of the 20th century. The unending war experiences were witnessed for the first time during the World War I and as a result large numbers of psychiatric casualties were reported. For instance the battle of Waterloo only lasted for a single day, while the Gettysburg battle took only three days with nights spend for resting. [Grossman, 1999] According to a study carried out and published in New England Journal of Medicine, large number of the more than 6,000 U. S soldiers from different departments of the army studied was found to be suffering from post –traumatic stress disorders. The survey was conducted to them before leaving for Iraq, after six months in Afghanistan and lastly after eight months in Iraq, the survey was repeated again three months after returning back home. The returnees showed rife symptoms of major depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). The study indicated a16-17% of those soldiers who served in Iraq and 11% of those who served in Afghanistan as suffering from PTSD complications, this is tangible evidence that war leads to great suffering and death among the soldiers. The Iraq war for instance, was one of the fiercest with a lot of firefights and all sort of attacks than those in Afghanistan and hence the high number of victims. Other studies done after the Vietnam and Persian Gulf wars indicated a 15% PTSD for Vietnam veterans and 2 to 10% to Gulf War veterans. [Associated Press, June 30, 2004] During the US-Vietnam war in 1992, US undertook a military expedition known as Operation Ranch Hand that involved the spraying of herbicides from US air force aircrafts to clear vegetation and expose enemy soldiers. Some of the herbicides used were very strong and slight exposure to them led to long term effects. Many soldiers and nurses have been reported to suffer from ailments that are associated to exposure to Agent Orange, Green, Purple, and White as the chemicals were popularly referred to, the case of nurse Chris B. , RVN is an example of more than 100 nurses who have been taken ill with diseases that eats into their organs and joints. [Killology, 2008] Too long time spend in combatant situations denies soldiers a chance to be with family members, this may negatively affect their relationships with their spouses and children. A soldier who is involved in outside borders offensives may take a couple of years without communicating with their loved ones. Such situations may lead to family break ups or infidelity, children’s born of soldier parents may also indulge in bad behaviors as a result of lack of proper parental attention and love. References: †¢ â€Å"Killology†, available at; http://killology. com/article_psychological. htm, accessed on January 24, 2009 †¢ Associated Press, June 30, 2004; 1 in 8 returning soldiers suffers from PTSD, accessed on January 24, 2009

Legalizing Drugs: The Ultimate Alternative to Cease the Drug War

For years, the United States has constantly been in the midst of a war. As a matter of fact, it is a war that is extreme, costly, and very exposed. Not only is it fought within the U.S. boundaries, but also in foreign shores. This so-called war is the War on Drugs. No one can argue that drugs are like a plague in our society. However, as bad as the effect of drugs on our society is, the effect of prohibition is worse. Federal government has spent billions of dollars on the struggle to end this war. Even the state and local government have spent millions of dollars to cease this war. Local reformers also contribute to this war by generating their own versions of the war and by recruiting as many community groups and leaders as they can to further the effort, but it all seems useless because no favorable results have been obtained so far. The best way to cease this everlasting war is to legalize drugs. Legalizing drugs will help the community as a whole because it will save many lives, help reduce crimes rates, improve research for medicine, and increase the government’s income. By legalizing drugs, hundred of lives can be saved each year. Many of the deaths that are now categorized as â€Å"drug overdose† are, in fact, caused by drugs that are purer than the users’ accustomed dose. This will cause an overdose by merely taking the dose to which they are accustomed. Other deaths are caused by the drugs being â€Å"cut† or diluted with impure or dangerous substances. At present, drugs are cut with anything from relatively harmless things such as baking soda, powdered sugar, lactose and corn starch to poisons like strychnine and arsenic. Legal drugs would fall under the supervision and standards of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thereby insuring cleaner and purer drugs at consistent dosages. In addition, intravenous and intramuscular drugs could be packaged in single use syringes that are designed to be destroyed by the act of using them once. Thus, preventing the reuse and sharing of needles. This will reduce the spread of AIDs, hepatitis, and many other types of infections. Hence, more lives saved, as well as the reduction of burden on many public resources since many drug abusers cannot afford to pay for medical treatment. The government would have control of all drugs. Once the government has control over the drugs, private industries would be in control of the sale of the drugs. Society learned from the, prohibition of alcohol during the 1920’s, â€Å"private industry is much easier to control compared to public industry or the black market† (Prohibition of Alcohol). Legalizing drugs with the appropriate regulation and control would severely limit the access of drugs to children. Just as minors cannot legally but alcohol, they would not be able to walk into a state regulated drug store and buy drugs. Under the present conditions, drug dealers do not care if he customer is 5 years old or 50 years old. These drug dealers are only concerned on the amount of money that goes into their pockets. New laws would be imposed to the people who can but drugs, how much a person can buy, and where the person can buy drugs. Therefore, this would create a safer and more organized society. Legalizing and regulating drug production and sale will eliminate a plethora of drug crimes, as well as crimes related to drugs. Crimes such smuggling, producing and selling drugs would cease to be profitable. It will also limit the availability of funds to finance other crimes such as illegal gambling, prostitution, extortion and terrorism. Former Nobel Prize Winner for Economics, Milton Friedman states, â€Å"The legalization of drugs would simultaneously reduce the number of crimes and improve the respect for the law. It is hard to imagine any other single provision which could make a more significant contribution to the promotion of law and order (Legalization of Drugs).† Being one of the world’s leading drug-related crime nation, the United States needs to diminish the crime rate. The best option is to obtain this is by legalizing drugs or else like former U.S. Secretary of State, George Schultz says â€Å"†¦ will never obtain any results as long as we are unable to separate crime from the drug business and the incitement to criminality this causes† (Legalization of Drugs). Drugs will likely be cheaper. The supply would be relatively consistent. Market forces such as â€Å"supply and demand† will be less of a determining price factor. Nor will the risk factor to dealers and smugglers affect price. The cost of producing most illegal drugs is minimal, particularly in an industrial setting. Therefore, legalization will reduce crimes such as burglary, mugging, and prostitution. Legalizing drugs would be useful in the medicinal world. It is probably one of the prime reasons why drugs should be legalized because it will be helpful for medical-related research. There are numerous ways in which drugs could be used in the medical field. For example, marijuana helps relieve pain caused by glaucoma. Glaucoma is a â€Å"group of eye diseases characterizes by an increase in intraocular pressure (Garcia, Matthews) † in the eyeball causing damage to the optic disc and impaired vision which sometimes develops into blindness for many people every year. Medical researchers found that as the dose of marijuana increases, the pressure within the eye decreases by up to a 30%, thus, lowering the risk of suffering from such a agonizing and dreadful disease (Garcia, Matthews). Cocaine is another drug which can be used because it was the first effective local anesthetic (Spillane, 2000). However, in the late 1880’s surgical procedures using local anesthetics was replaced by a general anesthesia solution. Several countries South America such as Peru and Bolivia still use coca as both a general stimulant and for more specific medical purposes (Spillane 2000). There are, however, some recent and so far uncertain signs of reviving interests in cocaine from the medical institutions and even coca itself for other medical purposes to be used in researches as well as in diagnosis and treatments. Another illegal drug useful for medical usages is heroin. Heroin was once and is still used as a powerful pain-killer which is used to control intense chronic pains caused by severe diseases such as cancer and tuberculosis (Schaffer). Researchers have found signs showing that heroin is significantly less harmful than most of the drugs which are given in its place. There are other ways drugs could be used for medical purposes, however, due to its illegal status there has not been many in-depth studies into the possible uses of illegal drugs as was initially hoped for. Not only will legalizing drugs help the medical community but it will take the medical world into a new horizon with these drugs. The federal government does not know how to control the great amount of money that they have spent on the war on drugs, which still continues. Yearly, â€Å"the federal government spends around $20 billion dollars (Mann, 2001)† on issues related to the war on drugs. Not only does legalizing drugs help needy organizations, but it also helps the community. The money that the government annually spends on the drug war could be used for building rehabilitation centers for handicapped citizens, building more schools to educate people on drugs, or go into funds for a medical or scientific research. According to former chief of the Planning Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health, Theodore R. Vallance, â€Å"the legalization of the now illegal drugs would result in a net saving of $37 billion annual savings for the federal government (Vallance).† The federal government will also benefit from the increase in income due to taxation and licensing of drugs. Just like cig arettes and alcohol, drugs would be taxed. The tax imposed on these drugs should vary on how the drug affects the individuals who take drugs. Marijuana’s side effects, which as â€Å"loud talking and bursts of laughter, lack of memory in conversations, and chronic redness of the eyes (Glantz),† should have a smaller tax rate because its side effects are less severe compared to cocaine and heroin’s side effects. By placing different tax rates on different drugs, according to their side effects, users would start using softer drugs and the usage of harder drugs would be less common because of its high cost. People would have to either start paying to obtain harder drugs or they would diminish their drug use. Drug sales are probably the largest untaxed markets in the United States and around the world, hence, if drugs were legalized, the money from taxing drugs would be used for more serious problems. In short, legalizing drugs will benefit the community at a larger extent. The overly fought, absurd Drug War has been, is, and will continue to be an absolute failure if the United States continues to struggle with it like it has done. Instead, actions needs to be taken and the ultimate alternative is to legalize all drugs. By doing so, a number of lives are saved in many ways. Legalization helps reduce crime, making the community a safer place to live in. Legalization also allows for the exploring or research in the field of medicine. Lastly, the government can save money, but its income will also increase. Works Cited Garcia, G., Matthews, L. â€Å"Laser and Eye Safety in the Laboratory.† New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1995): 102 Glantz, Meyer D. â€Å"Correlates and Consequences of Marijuana Use.† Washington D.C.: METROTEC (1984):37 Mann, Judy. â€Å"Money Spent of Drug War Could Be Put To Better Use.† Washington Post (D.C.) 17 October 2001: C12 Nadelmann, Ethan A. â€Å"An Unwinnable   War on Drugs.† New York Times. 26 April 2001: A23 Spillane, Joseph. Cocaine: from medical marvel to modern menace in the United States. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press (2000): 58-61 Schaffer, Clifford A. â€Å"Basic Facts About the War on Drugs.† Drug Reform Coordination Network.