Fiduciary Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fiduciary Responsibility - Research Paper ExampleIt reveals how the senesce can diligent themselves with governing its collective, financial planning by experienceling budget values and not the budget members. In addressing the thesis statement of comparing and contrasting Corporate Fiduciary Responsibility and Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance, we will draw management to the significant of the two concepts. Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Verse Corporate Fiduciary Responsibility Holt (2008) indicates that the Sarbanes Oxley is base on the legislative and administrative, whereas corporate fiducial responsibility, although, based on the statutory, it is established from the equity and is created by judges. harmonise to Kieff and P aredes (2010), the corporate fiduciary responsibility under the state law practices has fluid standards and duties based approach. Whereas Sarbanes Oxley adopt a rule based approach to corporate governance. According to Hopkins (2011), fiduciary responsibility requ ires board members of exempt corporate to be documentary and should act for its excellent and betterment, rather than for their personal benefit. Sarbanes Oxley indiscriminately imposes significant compliance address on the corporate due to the inflexible rules that are applied to corporate regardless of the situation. According to Kieff and Paredes (2010), fiduciary relationship arises in the context of complex and constantly evolving long-term arrangements. Thus, do not provide themselves with easy, clear line rules or detailed regulations. However, Sarbanes Oxley does not involve the complexities of the corporate environment. It deals with setting wide standards and allowing corporate a chance in determining how best to comply with those standards. The occurrence of corporate misconduct provides essential insights about the manner that board members demonstrate compliances with their fiduciary responsibility. Kieff and Paredes (2010) indicate that trustee responsibility is limi ted in that the fiduciary who agrees to take control of plan assets may appoint an investiture manager. If the investment manager is appointed, the trustee is not accountable for that the investment managers acts. Meanwhile, he or she is not under any obligation to invest or to manage any plan asset that is subject to the management of the investment manager. Moreover, a plan may expressly provide that the trustee is subject to follow the ways of listed party who is not a trustee. According to Kieff and Paredes (2010), a trustee is subject to proper program lines of that named fiduciary. Since this duty does not relieve the trustee from determining whether the direction of the named fiduciary is prudent, it does not considerably limit a trustees responsibility. In additional, where plan assets are detained by more than one trustee, trustee is only accountable for an act of a trustee have got trust. Meanwhile, co trustees may agree to allocate responsibilities, obligations and du ties among themselves in case such agreement is authorized by the trust instrument. According to Kieff and Paredes (2010), a trustee will not be accountable for a want to the plan arising from the acts of another trustee to whom responsibility has been allocated. However, in the Sarbanes Oxley the corporate are seeking to reduce the cost of ongoing compliance while maximizing benefits (Holt, 2008). Meanwhile, the act does not authorize corporate to change audited account firms periodically, but recommends essential

The Integrated Solution Limited using the criteria of HKMA quality award program Essay Example for Free

The Integrated Solution special(a) using the criteria of HKMA persona award program EssayQ.1 The Integrated Solution Limited (ISL) is a medical specialist in providing professional feel I.T. themes to sm alone and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in HK and southern China. There atomic number 18 several factors guide to the success of ISL to solar day. The remarkable acquisition of ISL started with its founder and Managing Director, Dr. Ricky LEUNG. Dr. LEUNG personally had in-depth understanding of the take aims of manufactures in HK. He treasure that most of imported packages did non try enough management study to them and no foreign vendors provided MRP brass in HK. That is the gap where ISL successfully comes in. With the strong commitment from Dr. LEUNG, ISL has laid subject a fraternitys motto ISL is to bod prize people, products and relationships and a mission statement ISL is to provide quality products and function towards better data consolidation and information management for manufacturers that strive to provide excellent products and services to its guests. In this connection, ISL has been very active in improving its products and services through continuous research, service quality rises, and the changing needs and requirements of customers.Q2 The remarkable achievement of ISL shows once again that producing world-class quality is ultimately a matter of the heart more than the idea It is companies with such emotional pride in their products and with such heroic hopes for their customers that set the quality standards in all(prenominal) industry around the world said by Larry Farrel of the Farrel Company.Quality management has played a monumental role in ISLs success. As menti angiotensin-converting enzymed previously, ISL has always commits to become the leader in providing professional quality I.T. solutions for SMEs in Asia Pacific. Quality management has always been their main focus in strategic preparedness, market positioning, and nearly every(prenominal) aspects. ISLs causes in quality management has lets them successfully to built up an image of a total solution company with prestige quality, as the leading supplier of manufacturing packet in Hong Kong by successfully tell it from its competitors, and is fast to become Hong Kongs showpiece in innovation and quality.Actually, Total Quality Management is a strategic weapon, which includes a broad set of surgeryes, which helps ISL to enhance its competitive advantages. It is a basic belief that each day it can become better and that all employees are infected with the enthusiasm and religion of improvement. Thus, it accelerates the continuous improvement in products and services, and overall organizational doing. It besides helps to develop a Roadmap to business excellence which has attained significantly higher cognitive process levels, therefore, driven to their overall success.Q3 By applying and receiving the HKMA Award, ISL has achieved the following benefits1) Gain Competitive Advantage kick the bucket Reputation Successfully Differentiate from its CompetitorsISL received the HKMA award in 1994 for its dedication to quality improvement and customer services. This awards brings the company public recognition for having achieved outstanding standards of quality and for having make a lasting commitment to the process of quality management. Thus, ISL is able to gain many competitive advantages that lead to its success in the IT industry. It not merely helps ISL to successfully differentiate from its competitors, but as well accelerates the continuous improvement, and gaining prestige reputation from the market.2) Professional overlapive proceeding Force by Empowerment, Teamwork, Recognition Training Being a successful company, human resources, is definitely one of the most valuable resources.. ISL understands that keeping the faculty spring upth means keeping the company growth. So, the Huma n resources evolution is besides one of the foc customs in companys strategic planning. As quality management lets ISL to realize the important of authorisation and teamwork, therefore, when ISL recruits new employee, they will measure their ability of teamwork, potential for growth and quality awareness instead of standard their adept skill only.For the existing employee, ISL also encourage for their involvement. For example, they will re give the sack a regular confluence where all employees are welcome to give their own suggestion and opinions. Moreover, the company always tries to strengthen provides adept skill and quality awareness through various teach or seminar from outside experts. Furthermore, the company also empowers the employee and gives special awards to well-performed staff in magnitude to enhance the employee satisfaction. all told these efforts helps ISL to achieve outstanding in operation(p) results, such as improve in punctuality, reduce absenteeism due to sickness, lower staff turnover rate, faster technical support response time, better trainer quality, higher maintenance incomes, and faster invoice processing time, and so on3) Clear Strategic Planning and Leadership By applying and receiving the HKMA awards, ISL has benefits from a very clear strategic planning and leadership. It lets Dr. Leung, the company leader, to aware of the importance of quality, but also pushes him to make some changes in ISL in regularise to enforce the quality enhancement, such as restructured the company units to a validatory organization structure, and to form a Quality Committee from senior management to co-ordinate and organize quality efforts. Moreover, the HKMA award program ensures ISL to have a very clear goal in quality and performance. For example, at the beginning of each year, ISL undergoes an yearly Extensive Strategic Planning Process to plan for the goal and the actions of the current year base on the customer and staff satisfact ion and economic factors. It helps ISL to continuously improving in its quality of services and products and leads to its success.4) prove Customer Satisfaction by Customer Focus ISL has realized that customer satisfaction and a intimately reputation for quality are vital to the companys survival. Therefore, it uses many marketing tools such as crossroad animateness Cycle (PLC), Product S tone Map and GAP analysis to determine market opportunities, segmentation, moving dilutes and the market position of its product. It helps ISL to be more efficient and be able to continue to understand more more or less its customers needs and requirements and improve its product and services in order to improve its market position. For example, the amount of reprize sales has grow from 4% to 23% of the total sales from 1992 to 1994. This rapid grow in double sales demonstrates that the customer satisfaction of ISL has been improved, and there is pro-active account management and evolutio n of long-term relationships with customers in ISL.5) kale Maximization and Cost Efficiency Quality management also benefits ISL financially by maximizing its scratch and lets it cash in ones chipss its cost more efficiency. During the eight years before the company applied for the HKMA award, ISLs annual sales grow rapidly. For example, the annual growth rates were 50% or above throughout the period from 1987 to 1994. anyway that, since the company embarked on the TQM programme, profitability has also improved. Moreover, the improvement in various aspects, such as the production process, lets ISL to spend its cost more efficiency.6) Accelerate Continuous Improvement The HKMA helps to accelerate the improvement efforts. It helped to set a pace for the quality improvement efforts. It created an accountability that moved the organization faster and nevertheless than it could have done on their own. For example, concerning the product improvements, ISL is constantly upgrading it p roducts and services. It also has to keep up its product development programme in order to maintain its competitiveness in the market locating. Besides that, it also engaged in improving the quality of its inhering operations in order to improve in its process. These help to demonstrate ISLs efforts to accelerate its improvement continuously.Q.4 The strengths and weaknesses of ISL in the current competitive environment are as follows1) Leadership * Dr. LEUNG has strongly commitment in promoting quality/products to the industry and to the ISL. For the industry, seminars and articles on Quality Management given by Dr. LEUNG not only educate the public, but also act as outside pressure to push ISL to improve its quality. For the company, he has laid down a companys motto and mission statement stressing on quality products/services to its customers.* Furthermore, a quality mission chaired by Dr. LEUNG has been naturalised to co-ordinate company-wide efforts on quality improvement. Th e terms of reference for the committee are specified, which includes context up companys quality standards, developing long- to short-term quality plans, monitoring quality implementation progresses, tackling customer issues, and so froth.* ISL in 1994 established a 3 levels supportive organization structure including front line staff, managers and go past management. This organizational structure provides a supportive skeleton from one level to another so as to facilitate the performance of subordinates. ISL also formed the RD Department focusing on product direction and playing as the catalyst for quality improvement.? Although Dr. LEUNG from time-to-time participates in public activities, ISL itself and other senior staff have not paid much attention to address their public responsibilities and citizenship.2) Strategy Planning * To improve product/services quality, ISL has introduced an annual Extensive Strategic Planning Process. At the beginning of each year, the Quality Com mittee meets outwardly to examine customer satisfaction and review/access impacts from environmental factors, and internally to motive and satisfy ISL staff and minimize waste and unproductive work. ISL also has set up 5 quality and performance goals, including Product Leadership, Quality Leadership, Consultancy, Implementation and Technical Support.? Human resources plan has not considered. Key performance indicators are also not considered for tracking the progress of action plan, not to say projecting organizations future performance.3) Customer and market Focus * ISL has adopted a number of marketing tools such as Product Life Cycle, Product Space Map and Gap analysis to determine market opportunities, segmentation, trends and the market position of its product. To collect information from customers, departments of TS and Sales Marketing have constantly contact and visits their customers with the aim to explore possible areas for improving its products and services.? machine has not formulated to handle customers complaints promptly and effectively. ISL should group all complaints together and analyze it for further improvement. Moreover, ISL should observe and analyze information and customer satisfaction about their competitors for benchmarks.4) Information and Analysis * ISL has introduced an integrated management system, PURSUIT, for its operational processes. A SQL tool, FLEXQL is employed to extract data to generate ad-hoc or routine management reports for the departments of Sales, TS and RD. To effectively use the data, the management adopt the concept of Management-By-Facts and, wherever practicable, make decisions on a factual basis.* Key performance has been constantly communicated to ISL staff, its customers and suppliers via a wide range of communication channels Internally ISL rely on weekly colloquium, monthly staff newsletter, departmental meetings, annual report, display boards and emails, while externally they rely on exploiter news letters, press releases, customer visits and customer surveys.? A system for ensuring the accuracy, reliability and security of data and information has not in place.5) Human Resource Focus * The management of ISL in 1994 recognized that subs of run through and information among staff and managers were informal, and tasks and functions were mainly performed by a single person. In this regard, ISL has introduced a daily Japanese-style morning meeting for coverage work progress, planning of the schedule, seeking assistance from colleagues with relevant experience, and presenting a lapseic by members on a rotation basis with valuement. Besides, ISL launches a program, Quality in Action (QIA), which based on facts and data and appoint its staff to respond quickly to customer needs.* All suitable candidates have had at least 2 interviews to judge their competence in interpersonal skills, quality awareness, and so on forth. In addition, TS and the 3D development departments have a wo rk rotation scheme to ensure that everyone receives a mix of job functions.* ISL provides a company colloquium with attendance of all staff on every Friday morning for brainstorming, team building and training of theories, concepts and tools in quality management. Departmental meeting is another place where customer and operational issues can be resolved. Group sessions are also organized for sharing experiences and new ideas.* ISL sends staff to external training courses and provides an annual HK$6,000 education allowance to each employee for job-related external training courses.* ISL has put a system in place to maintain a high level of staff morale. The system consists of communicating changes with feedback, making use the companys supportive organizational structure, coordinating with top managements direction, and providing counseling and mediation. ISL also has a Social Welfare Committee responsible for(p) for organization of key annual events. Furthermore, the company put a smoke-free working environment constitution in force.* Three front line departments have its own incentive scheme. Employees have an annual estimate to determine their pay. Special awards would be given to those who have exclusional performance.? ISL not places much attention on providing assessment methods or measures, like upward appraisal, to determine employees well-being and satisfaction. The company shall also consider formulating a system to ensure safety and health of employees at work.6) Process Management * ISL emphasizes the quality of its development process. All software projects are headed by senior software staff and developed in accordance with a software engineering cycle. Moreover, ISL follows the best practice guidelines in the industry by allocating sufficient time and effort for System Analysis and Final Testing stages. To meet customers special needs, ISD also offers a tailor-made software service and develops User Manuals, Technical Manuals, Implementatio n Guide, and Training Notes Exercises, and provides Customer Training Programme and Implementation Consultancy Services.* To spread abroad continuous improvement, ISL regularly upgrades its products and services based on the feedback from listening to customers, getting in touch with the marketplace, and valuing infix from staff.* ISL acts as a value-added reseller by organizing marketing and education event, meeting with vendors, and dealing of hardware purchases.7) Business Results * ISL has established a series of services and indicators to focus on customers Firstly, hotline support logging system has been introduced to gauge the performance of technical hotline support. Secondly, ISL offers a one-day training programme to its customers. Trainees request to evaluate and give feedback for the effectiveness of programme. Thirdly, ISL measures the percentage of buying maintenance service and maintenance income to reflect the satisfaction of customers. Finally, ISL conducts full- scale customer satisfaction survey to assess the strengths and weakness of its operation.* ISL tracks its annual sales, profitability, amount of repeat sales and number of installation sites to measure the results of company and quality and customer satisfactions of customers.* ISL measures punctuality, absenteeism, staff turnover rate to evaluate staff morale and work attitude. All these indicators move positively since its inception.? Although ISL has successfully boosted its sales revenue by 50% annually from 87 to 94 with exception of 93, the net profit margin does not grow as much as the sales revenue. It also noticed that the percentage of increment of the sales revenue has been declined from 95 to 97, as compared with the annual growth from 87 to 94.Q. 5 With the limitation of resources available to ISL, we are of a view that ISL should concrete their efforts to target on pocket-sized and Medium-sized Enterprises in both Hong Kong and southern China. ISL should modify its ex isting products to suit the special needs of the largest manufacturing sectors in Hong Kong and southern China. (i.e. Toys, Garment, and Electronic Industries.)1) Products Looking ahead, the following products should be provided by ISL to its client. As there is a growing trend for user-friendly software, a new software system with Window/Novell/Web-based application will become a potential product of ISL. In addition, with the growing connection between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, industrial undertakings headquartered in Hong Kong and with manufacturing plants scattered in Mainland China are on the increase.Coupled with this growth, there is an increasing need for such undertaking having an integrated computer system. Development of an effective communication system that facilitates the connection and communication between offices at different locations will be a potential product for ISL. Furthermore, ISL should explore the feasibility of devel oping an ERP and Global supply chain management software in collaboration with QAD. As QAD has experience in developing such product, it may reduce the product development time and help ISL rub in the forefront and keep in pace with the logistics business proposed in Hong Kong.2) Services On top of its current services, ISL should provide free software to academic institutions for education and promotion purposes. ISL may also provide free-trial software with limited effective date and authority to potential customers and existing customers for evaluation and promotion purposes. Besides that, ISL may regularly organize free training courses to their potential users or customers.Q. 6 As more and more aggressive competitors (e.g. SAP, MPIX, Minx Symix) have launched their businesses in Hong Kong and China, ISL should consider the following actions to further improve their quality or services to its customers.Firstly, it should pursue China market by more empowerment and participatin g in joint venture or co-operation programmes with China firms. It helps ISL increase/improve its cash flow, distribution channel and technology.Secondly, it should further improve their software systems in order to maintain their market position. It is noteworthy that some features / functions of ISLs software systems are far from satisfactory as compared with similar products offered by their competitors. The limited power of Envision is a not bad(predicate) illustration of this.Thirdly, by means of joint venture, ISL should exchange their technical skill with foreign companies. It also allows ISL to exchange its stock shares with various companies for improving cash flow within the company.Fourthly, in addition to its cooperation programmes with the City University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong productiveness Council, ISL shall extend it to various Universities in China. As these institutions have first-hand and in-depth understanding of the needs in China, such cooperation pro grammes not only help ISL develop its products but also can be their executive arms to disrupt new software systems to China.Finally, ISL should set up a website to introduce their company background and new products to all visitors (potential customers) and existing customers. It can also build up FAQ (Frequently asked Questions) to help existing customers to solve common problems. Moreover, as a means of advertising, it can let more people to recognize ISL throughout the world.

English Language Essay Example for Free

side Language Essay slope has emerged as the global spoken dialogue of trade and commerce in the past few decades, affecting umpteen key aspects of business in the modern dry land. The face language has become the well-worn for all substantial ex officio communications in an progressively large payoff of countries with a wide manikin of inwrought languages. In the modern world, side of meat continues to spread as the major(ip) medium through which both meek businesses and large corporations do business.There are about 5,000 languages in the world today. Some make gained planetary status some are developing others are habitd in isolation in their region, comm unanimity, or village a few vex gone extinct or have died (like Latin and Sanskrit).The number of purposers of the English language has gr protest by leaps and bounds. Second language and hostile language users are seen to authorize the number of native speakers. Worldwide much or less two trillion s pate travel in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the worlds population, speaks English with some degree of fluency. Over one billion had been seen in the year 2000 to continue their studies in English. As language of science and technology, English, the universal language, claims more or less 90% of all information in the worlds electronic retrieval systems being stored in English.English is used regularly by more than 350 million sight scattered over the globe. It is the native or official language of one-fifth of the world. Of the languages of settlement it has been the one most primary(prenominal) in Africa, Asia and the islands of the central and southern Pacific. The use of English is far-flung in inter study trade, international scholarship, and scientific research. More than half of the worlds scientific and technical journals, as well as newspapers, are printed in English.Three-fourths of the worlds mail is in English. The Soviet Union and China use English in their propaganda broadcasts to the developing countries of Africa and Asia. English is the most widely-studied language in areas where it is not native. In Japan English is widely used in the upper grade level. In India, English is the alternate official language to Hindi. In the Philippines it is the common language or medium of communication of people speaking different languages. More or less 80% of Filipinos speak/understand English. Doing dividing line WorldwideEnglish is a global language for doing business. In some industries, English is the official measuring language. Therefore, an excellent command of English is required for key jobs. In addition, English has emerged as a major language for finance and the stock markets around the world. People wishing to do businesses globally direct to have a good command of spoken English. The ability to cl early on write in English is as well as of key importance, as many forms of business communication, from emails to presentations and marketing to most-valuable business contracts, are written in English.A CNN Report(CNN) Hiroshi Mikitani sees nothing wrong with the word, incorporating it easily into our discussion about Japans future. The internet entrepreneur and chief executive officer of Rakuten Inc, Japans largest e-commerce site, intends to change his untaught from the inside out. And Englishization is a part of it, he says bluntly.With 6,000 employees and sales topping $3 billion a year, Mikitani intends Rakuten to keep growing into a global player. The goal be as common a household name as Google in 10 years. The path to that goal, believes Mikitani, is to speak the global language of business, English. English is the but global language. Were doing a global business. I think this is the only way a Nipponese service organization preserve become a global organization.By 2012, Mikitanis pledge is to make Rakuten an English-only corporation. exclusively communication, verbal and email, would be sent not in Japanese, but in English. Its a daunting depute for a Japanese company headquartered in Tokyo. Last years Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) rankings showed Japanese test takers scored second worst in the East Asia region, below marriage Korea and Myanmar. Only Laos ranked lower than Japan. Hondas CEO, Takanobu Ito, said publicly, Its stupid for a Japanese company to only use English in Japan when the workforce is mainly Japanese.Mikitani doesnt flinch at the criticism. In fact, he seems to relish it. The nature of our business is totally different, he says, pointing out Honda manufactures a hardware item and Rakuten deals with users on the internet.If you fatality to become successful in other countries, you need to internationalize the headquarters. Rakuten is expanding despite Japans macro-economic struggles. They are starting line a Chinese version of Rakuten and purchasing ecommerce sites in the U.S. and France.One thing I know, t he definition of ground is going to change. Definition of currency is going to change, says Mikitani. There is going to be less importance which country youre operating from. And theres going to be global competition, not local to local. Mikitani is everything Corporate Japan is not young, a risk-taker, outspoken and fluent in English. He started his company with a friend in 1997, using their own money. The two friends grew the business into the public corporation and powerhouse it is today. The 45 year old, energetic CEO says he is, at the core, utterly Japanese. But he disagrees with how corporate Japan and the policy makers have run the thrift and country.Look at the aging demographics and the providence of Japan, says Mikitani, and the writing is on the wall for corporate Japan. Growth, he says, can only happen if Japanese companies go outside of the country for expansion and look for opportunities outside of Japans famously produced cars and electronics.I felt (sic) those k ind of ages is over. Now we need to really dramatically change the structure of economy of Japan and IT is going to be an extremely important part of it, says Mikitani. But none of the Japanese for example, politicians, truly understands from the bottom of the heart, how important that is. Mikitani feels the two decades-long economic stagnation for Japan has fundamentally affected the countrys young, which spells trouble for the countrys future.Japanese society, especially younger people, are so inward looking. They dont even want to go to other countries. They want to stay here. They want to have a good life they dont want to be rich. They want to have a good day to day life. Thats it. And I think we need to be more diversity of dynamic, outward looking, he says.The solution, hopes Mikitani, leave be found in concrete economic policy from Tokyos lawmakers and conceptive leadership from Japans companies. Japan can produce innovative, high quality ideas and products, says Mikitan i, but the talent needs a direction. He remains positive about his countrys future, despite its problems. Rakuten means optimistic, he points out. I think that in absolute terms, we Japanese are lagging. We are slowing down. I dont think we need to be pessimistic, but our windowpane is not so long.An Indian PerspectiveEnglish even after 36 years of liberty occupies an important outrank in the social educational, administrative, scientific industrial and commercial life of the country.Ever since India became independent, the fortunes of English have seen many ups and downs. In accordance with the prevalent mood of hostility against everything foreign, English, considered only a foreign language, could not also escape the wrath of many people. It was decided to do away with it as early as possible. It was given a lease of fifteen years, and after that it was to be replaced by Hindi as the national and official language of the country. English was spoken and used by a micro-scopic mi nority of the people and they could not dominate the majority which spoke Hindi. Educationally also it was desirable to impart instruction in Hindi. Educationally also it was desirable to impart instruction in Hindi and other regional languages. Moreover, the law of continuation of English as the official language of the country was regarded as some sort of an affront to national honor. Did not every country have its own national and official, language, it was asked.There was much weight in all these arguments. But when the deadline, 1965, for the switch-over to Hindi came, there were unseemly controversies and riots in the country. The main opposition to Hindi came from the South. aft(prenominal) long and tedious deliberations it was decided to continue English as an associate official language. The States were free to seize on their own languages and were to correspond with one another and the centre either in Hindi or English. ulterior the the three language formula was also devised. The prevalent feeling is that Hindi as it develops and as people while learning it show, and are shown patience, will continue to gain in importance and will increasingly take over as many functions of English as possible. But along with the spread of Hindi, English will continue to be used in one way or another and it will play its due role in the nation.India is a land of many languages, cultures and religions. It is rich in variety and diversity, but there is a real danger that in the absence of a link language, its unity may just fall to bits. Considering the situation as it is today, English is the only language to discharge this important obligation. At the official level, the importance of English is obvious. It is the associate language of the Centre and most of its employees use it in official work. Since the States have adopted their regional languages for official business and many of them are averse to the use of Hindi, a virtual linguistic chaos would result i f English were not used for inter-State communication.So in this sphere also, the importance of English is obvious. Interestingly, the state of Nagaland has English as its official language. In education too, the use of English cannot be dispensed with. Hindi and the regional languages, though they are developing and enjoy official patronage, are still inadequately equipped for imparting education, particularly at the university level. There is a general lack of standard text books and it may well take several decades before there is fitted development of these languages. Again, English still enjoys a commanding position in science, technology, engineering, law, medicine, commerce, industry and the diplomatic services. It is to the highest degree impossible to replace English in these disciplines by Hindi or any other Indian language.Considering then for a moment the absence of English from India, exchange of professors, doctors administrators, and students will cease. Research wi ll decelerate and there will be a steep decline in the quality of education. The efforts of the country to modify itself rapidly and to raise the standard of the masses will be seriously undermined. There will widespread disunity and this will jeopardize our freedom. So the role of English todayfor us is twofold. It knits the country and maintains equality and standard at all levels.Considering this important place of English, we Indians are today learning it in larger numbers than they ever did before. It is a world language and even in Russia, China etc., it is being learnt eagerly. In India those who react it seem to be a little prejudiced either for political reasons or because of some laughable sentimentality. Dont they accept foreign goods, clothes and technical know-how? They do, because it is good and useful. Why then mate English, simply because it is a foreign language? They should not forget that it was the knowledge of English that helped India gain freedom. The o verall situation then appears to be this. English even after 36 years of independence occupies an important place in the social educational, administrative, scientific industrial and commercial life of the country. Those who know and support it need not despair. English will continue though it may occupy a secondary place to Hindi.

Philosophy And Modernity Essay Example for Free

philosophical system And Modernity EssayThe conflict among Philosophy and Modernity is a never poleing topic. Each of the terms is individu onlyy supported by the a exchangeable generations. But those who support modernity, at least at some point of life will for sure support philosophy. That is the power of philosophy. Let us take a mishap as example that shows us how these two issues conflict with each other.The holy terrorist attacks of September 11 save haunt the minds of Ameri discharges unnerved by the exorbitance of the crime.We need to know what could have inspired someone to do such a thing. It is bad replete to experience such a monstrous event to feel it is inexplicable, an act with no conceivable motive, altogether adds to the sense of unreality.What is the source of this aversion? What ideas, determine, and attitudes give rise to it? Lewiss observation contains the chit-chatds of the two leading schools of thought rough the answer to this question. Bot h schools place Islamist hatred of the USA in a larger cultural and diachronic context. Both are plausible, and in many respects they are compatible. But they differ in what they see as the essential terms of the ongoing conflict, and in their implications for the future.One school holds that the war on terror reflects an underlying conflict between Islam and the westernmost as civilisations. Each is united, as a civilisation, by the allegiance of its race to a narrative of their past, a common religion, and shared ideas, values, and ways of life. The current tensions between Islam and the West are only the latest of the conflicts that have occurred over the centuries. The USA is a particular object of hostility now because it is the most powerful western country.Those who reject modernity are to be found in each nation and civilization.The second school holds that terrorists hostility is directed at the principles and values of the West. On this view, what they hatred is not the West as a society or a civilisation per se, but or else the culture of modernity. Modernity was born in the West, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but it is not inherently tied to the history or customs of any one society. It is a constellation of universal values the secular culture of reason, science, individualism, progress, democracy, and capitalism that have spread worldwide in different forms and to varying degrees.By the same token, those who reject modernity, who fear and wish to destroy it, are to be found in every nation and civilisation. And invariably they hate the USA as the fullest, most persuasive, and thus most dangerous physical body of that culture.thither are as many battles within civilisations as between them.Muslims saw military mastery as a mark of Allahs favour.As Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a prominent Iranian philosopher and historian, observes, During the first twelve centuries of its historical existence, Islam lived with the full awareness of the truth and realisation of Gods promise to Muslims that they would be victorious if they followed His religion. Such verses as There is no victor but God, which adorns the walls of the Alhambra, in like manner adorned the soul and mind of Muslims.In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, however, the tide turned. The scientific and industrial revolutions vastly increased the wealth and the military power of the West. After the get over of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the Middle einsteinium was taken over by European nations and broken up into colonies and protectorates. Today, despite decolonisation, the countries of this region remain poor and backward by equivalence not only with the West but also with the booming economies of East Asia. Oil revenue has showered wealth on the region, but economic growth has been held back by layers of regulations, wasteful government enterprises and investments, not to key corruption.Because of their strategic location, Middle E astern countries were pawns of the Cold War but were rarely true partners or friends of both power. Now, Muslims feel they are at the mercy of a globose economy driven by Western capitalism. They feel invaded by Western popular culture, which they regard as morally decadent. Israel is the salt in all these wounds a nation of peck who came from the West, tore a patch of land from Islam, turned it into a vibrant, loaded economy, and acquired the military prowess to defeat its Arab neighbours.The result of all this, is a feeling of humiliation a increment awareness, among the heirs of an old, proud, and long-dominant civilisation, of having been overtaken, overborne, and overwhelmed by those whom they regarded as their inferiors. Having tried to take on Western ways, with dismal results, they are increasingly bony to the idea that the solution is a return to the pure Islamic faith that reigned in the days of their cause greatness.The clash-of-civilisations school doubtless repr esents part of the truth of the theme. But it is not the whole truth, and not the fundamental truth. Its mind shortcoming is that it exaggerates the extent of agreement in outlook, values, ideas, and loyalties among people who share the common history and culture that posit a civilisation. In fact, there are as many battles over these issues within civilisations as between them especially in the West.The hijackers target was a temple of modernity.At the level of fundamental philosophical principles, however, the sense period was much more important as a turning point in the West, and in a way created a new civilisation.Anti-modernismModernity was born in the West in a radical transformation of its past. The world of the Middle Ages, built around the world-view of Christian Scholasticism, was a society of unearthly philosophy, feudal law, and an agricultural economy. Out of this soil, the Renaissance and Enlightenment produced a substantially new society of science, individuali sm, and industrial capitalism. When we examine the wider context of Islamic terrorism, it is clear that a hatred of modernity is its driving force.The cultural theme of this new society, if we state it as a set of explicit theses, was the view that reason, not revelation, is the instrument of familiarity and arbiter of truth that science, not religion, gives us the truth about nature that the pursuit of happiness in this life, not suffering in preparation for the next, is the cardinal value that reason can and should be apply to increase kind-hearted wellbeing through and through economic and technological progress that the individual person is an end in himself with the capacity to direct his own life, not a slave or a tiddler to be ruled by others that individuals have equal rights to freedom of thought, speech, and action that religious belief should be a private affair, tolerance a loving virtue, and church and state kept separate and that we should substitute command eco nomies with markets, warfare with trade, and rule by king or commissar with democracy.It is therefore misleading to make our civilisation Christian, even though that remains the largest religion in terms of adherents. The West may still be a culture of Christians, by and large, but it is not a Christian culture anymore. It is a secular culture. And that is what the Islamists hate most about us.The al-Qaeda hijackers did not target the Vatican, the capital of Western Christianity whose leading launched the Crusades. They did not attack the British Foreign Office, which directed colonial policy in the Middle East after World War I. They attacked the World Trade Centre, the proud symbol of engineering audacity and global commerce, where businesses from scores of countries (including many Muslim countries) worked in freedom and peace, creating wealth and investing in material progress. Their target, in short, was a temple of modernity.The culture of modernity is not a Western good but a human goodModernity meant people changing their relationship with both the world and themselves. For the first time, through science, they realised that many things, such as certain weather patterns or illnesses, were not a matter of fate. The social order no longer seemed impossible to change either. Revolutions could sweep away despots and people could break their living standards.The threat posed by the Islamist terrorists derives not from their Islamic background but from the ideas, values, and motivations they share with anti-modernists everywhere-including in the West. In that regard, they have not merely assaulted our civilisation. They have attacked civilisation as such.Civilisation is the condition a society attains when it emerges from prehistoric barbarism and begins to apply intelligence systematically to the problems of human life, by creating technologies of production like farming, technologies of cognition like writing, and technologies of social order like citie s and law.The culture of modernity is one of these permanent contributions the most important. Though Western in origin, it is not a Western good but a human good. It has vastly expanded our knowledge of the world brought a vast increase in wealth, comfort, safety, and health and created social institutions in which humans can flourish.Anti-modernism is not simply loyalty to pre-modern stages of civilisation on the part of people who have not yet discovered reason and individualism. It is a postmodern reaction by people who have seen modernity and turned against it, who hate and wish to destroy it.This is a profoundly anti-human outlook, and there can be no compromise with it. As we take aim at the terrorists who have attacked us, we must also take intellectual aim at the ideas that inspire them.

Food and Eating Essay Example for Free

victuals and Eating EssayJanuary 5 7 Hetherington, Kregg, Chapters 1-4 Cultivating Utopia workweek 15 Case study Growing organicJan. 12 14. Hetherington, Kregg, Chapters 5-8 Cultivating Utopia Exams handed back this week Make up exam on Tuesday January 12, 1-3 pm hebdomad 16Class and consumptionJan. 19 21. Roseberry, William. 1996. The Rise of Yuppie coffee berry and the Reimagination of Class in the United States, American Anthropologist 98 (4). 762-775. (BLS). *Food basket assignment receivable on Thursday January 21st.Week 17 Gender, food CommunityJan. 26 28 Beardworth, Alan and Teresa Keil, Food, family, and community in Sociology on the Menu, London Routledge, pp. 73-99. (On reserve) Allison, Anne, Chapter 15 Japanese Mothers and Obentos in F C Week 18Gender, food the body.February 2 4 Bordo, Susan, Chapter 12 Anorexia Nervosa Psychopathology as the Crystallization of Culture in F C Parasecoli, Fabio, Chapter 13 aliment Hard Bodies Food and Masculinities i n Mens Fitness Magazines in F C Week 19Race, ethnicity food.Feb. 9 11 Williams-Forson, Psyche, Chapter 21, More Than Just the Big Piece of Chicken The Power of Race, Class and Food in American Consciousness in F C Nabhan, Gary Paul, Chapter 23 Rooting Out the Causes of infirmityWhy Diabetes is So Common Among Desert Dwellers in F C *Reading response referable on Tuesday on either interpretWeek 20Nationalism foodFeb. 16 18 Penfold, Steve, 2002, Eddie Shack Was No Tim Horton in Food Nations, ed. W. Belasco and P. Scranton. New York Routledge. Pp. 48-66. Wilk, Richard, Chapter 19 Real Belizean Food in F C contain Break February 22-28thWeek 21Foundational approachesMarch 2 4 Barthes, Roland, Chapter 2. Toward a Psychosociology of Contemporary Food Consumption in F C Lvi-Strauss, Claude, Chapter 3 The Culinary Triangle in F C.Week 22Foundational approachesMarch 9 11 Douglas, Mary, Chapter 4 Deciphering a Meal in F C Mintz, Sidney, Tasting Food, Tasting immunity in T asting Food, Tasting Freedom. Boston Beacon Press. (On reserve) *Reading Response on either reading due on Tuesday.Week 23Foundational approachesMarch 16 18 Harvis, Marvin, Chapter 5 The Abominable Pig in F C Recommended Beardsworth, Alan and Teresa Keil, The mysterious meanings of meat In Sociology of the Menu pgs. 193-217. (On reserve).Week 24 McdonaldizationMarch 23 25 Ritzer, George, 2004 An introduction to McDonaldization in The McDonaldization of Society. Thousand Oaks, CA Pine Forge Press. pgs. 1-23. Yan, Yunxiang, Chapter 32 Of Hamburger and fond Space in F C * Reading Response on either reading due on Tuesday.Week 25 Challenging McdonaldizationMarch 30 April 1st. Leitch, Alison, Chapter 24 Slow Food and the government activity of Pork in F C Pilcher, Jeffrey, Chapter 25, Taco Bell, Maseca, and Slow Food in F C.Week 26Challenging McdonaldizationApril 6 8 Clark, Dylan Chapter 26, Punk Foods in F CCourse wrap up this week.* final examination exam* will be schedule d during the exam period. Please plan accordingly.Have a big(p) summer

The Smooth Transition Into Adulthood Essay Example for Free

The Smooth Transition Into Adulthood EssayIn this research report it will be proven that in order to have a flavorless transition to cock-a-hoophood, the completion of developmental tasks moldiness occur. This is a stage when enhances and children must(prenominal) separate one another(prenominal) so that young adults wad accept emotional responsibility for themselves. Without the co-operation of both the parents and young adult the mastery of this transition can be long drawn and less effective.According to the Family Life-Cycle Theory, three developmental tasks must be mastered for this to happen. These tasks detail that young adults must form an identity separate from that of the family of origin, young adults must develop untested intimate relationship with peers outside the family and lastly young adults must make their commencement ceremony tentative commitment to a career or workplace role. With the co-operation of the young adults parents situations such as parent s becoming overly attached to their children and parents becoming too involved with a childs life can easily be avoided.If a parent becomes too intemperately attached to their child, the success of the young adults transition into adulthood is jeopardized. This type of behavior causes prejudicious effects on both the parent and child as the parent will have a much harder time having to let their child go at one point, this creating more emotional imposition for the parent later on (Holloway, 2002). For the child, this type of attached behavior robs them of their poetical freedom. Holding the young adult back from completing the Family Life Cycle transition phases of discovering a separate identity from their parents and underdeveloped tender intimate relationships (Holloway, 2002).Creating new and different intimate relationships is an exciting part of becoming an adult. At this time in life people begin to learn what they are looking and expecting out of a potential mate (Hol loway, 2002). The interference of a parent when choosing a mate limits the young adults choices when searching for a mate, restricting their options of exploring and discovering for what they are looking for in a mate (Holloway, 2002). A parents meshing within intimate relationship hinders the young adult smooth transition into adulthood as they can no longer fully complete the second stage in the Family Life-Cycle Theory of making new intimate relationships outside of the family.In conclusion becoming an adult is a large step in any young persons life. The co-operation and support of parents and guardians is very important in ensuring a smooth transition into adulthood for the young adult. Yet it is imperative that parents allow their children to begin to develop on their own, creating a new self-identity, developing intimate relationships and making their first commitment to a job on their own.

The Kennedy and Oswald Assassinations Essay Example for Free

The Kennedy and Oswald Assassinations shewOn a beautiful autumn day in Dallas 1963, chairman deception F. Kennedy arrived in for what could hold been a hostile greeting. Unofficially, it was a campaign trip, but officially, the trip was meant to put out fires and garner realize for a soon to come death chairial campaign the following year. The prexyial party started in Ft. Worth, TX where the response was cordial and warm, and then, after a brief speech by the President, boarded the plane for what would be a brief but fateful trip to Love field in Dallas. As was true in Ft. Worth, the answer in Dallas was cordial and warm, filling the youthful President and his host with pleasure and confidence. Mrs. Connelly, wife of Texas Governor John Connelly, was later to remark to the President, You cant say Dallas doesnt love you Mr. President. After de-planning in Dallas, the entourage loaded into cars for the succeeding(prenominal) Presidential address. The party moved from Love Field into Dallas, towards bolt down(p)town and the Texas School Book Depository, past the construction and towards an underpass when triad, perhaps four shots rang out, two hitting the President and unrivalled hitting Governor Connelly. unmatchable bullet missed the entourage. The number of bullets fired has never been clear, but one bullet, eventually labeled the dissembling bullet, was express to rent struck the Governor, exited his ashes before hitting the President. Whatever, the case, the second bullet to hit the young leader delivered the mortal blow, knocking the statesman backwards and to his left. Although the brain damage indicates that JFK never knew what his himbrain subject area splattered over the accompanying motorcycle copsthe President was non pronounced dead until after courageous efforts to revive him at Parkland Memorial Hospital. In an era when television went off the air among 11 PM and 1 AM and most large number had black and white televisi on sets, the three news networks remained on the air 24 hours as a grief stricken, startled nation unbroken abreast of event in Washington, DC and every detail most the bravoation came in. Anything that could be said and told about the Kennedys was, and whatever could be learned about the alleged assassin was reported. As a blow out of the water nation tried to make sense of the senseless tragedy, and a Camelot myth took hold, Americans stayed glued to their television sets throughout Saturday and the networks remained on throughout the night for a second night. sunlight morning, many Americans went to their places of worship, prayed for the First Family and prepared to secular their fallen leader in state in the Capitol Rotunda before laying him to rest on Monday. Sunday was a bright, crisp, ice-cold day in Washington, unlike the cloudy and cool but not cold Friday of the blackwash. The beauty of the day did not betray the next shock in store for the nation. Almost on the d ot 48 hours after the Presidents assassination, with most Americans wondering why this tragedy had occurred, answers would be pushed further away as the alleged assassin was himself killd and a grieving nation became even more stunned. The second assassin was Jack ruddy, a businessman, night club owner and small time hustler with ties to nonionized crime. Theories as to why rubicund cut down Oswald included that, like the nation as a whole, Ruby was grief stricken, but it is also a mystery how he gained access to the area where this second assassination occurred. In interviews during the days after the two assassinations, Ruby acknowledged on pic that other individuals were freighter his actions, but gave no names and only made a roughlywhat off-handed comment indicating that information about the Kennedy assassination wouldnt be revealedthe public would never learn the lawfulness. The indication was not so much that Ruby didnt want Oswald to reveal the truth, but rather that individuals behind Ruby wanted information hidden. Oswald, it appears, was set up. Indeed, in that respect was recount that the initial attempt to cut down the President was to keep back been made a hardly a(prenominal) days in the beginning in Florida, but the Presidents trip was cancelled. After the two assassinations, many unusual events took place. The Presidents examine was flawed, information was hidden from the Warren Commission and, in many respects, it appeared as though even the US Government did not want the truth about the assassination revealed. Blacks felt that the President had been cut down because of his support for Civil Rights, and even the Presidents brother, lawyer General Robert Kennedy, appears to have made efforts to hold back the truth of the assassination. Perhaps the most interesting idea about the assassination of the President, one that seldom comes out, connects the assassination with an earlier assassination in South Vietnam barely a calendar m onth before the President was cut down. (OLeary Seymour, 2003 Weisberg, 1984).President Nguyen Van Thieu, leader of South Vietnam, was kill in a coup only a month after he had unseated then-president Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963 and only about a month before President Kennedys assassination. Madame Thieu, in the US at the time, felt that President Thieu would not have been cut down if President Kennedy had supported her husband, support she felt would have prevented the coup against him. The opening goes that Madame Thieu put out a contract on the President that organized crime figures knew about but that was carried out by employ killers. The mob refused to make the hit. While this idea has seldom been discussed, it appears that even Attorney General Kennedy realize that actions he took against organized crime and events in Vietnam had ultimately led to the murder of his brother. Jack Ruby suggested on film that the nation would not learn the facts behind the assassination. Events af ter the assassination led to government cover-ups, elaborateness of organized crime and even to efforts by the Warren Commission to ignore the facts, but these events only added to the confusion meet the assassination. Some have noted that President Kennedy intended to cut back on US involvement in Vietnam had he lived, and the war itself was not a big issue in the US at that time.South Vietnamese officials did not want the US to remove its military advisors, but part of the US retreat from Vietnam would have involved ending support for President Thieu. This left the South Vietnamese President open to assassination. Attorney General Kennedy had urged that his brother scale back efforts in and support for South Vietnam, and realized that these efforts had ultimately led to his brothers demise. So, even the Attorney General, brother of the President and the chief law enforcer of the US, mulish that it was politically (regarding world politics) best not to openly pursue the events behind his brothers assassination. Jack Rubys ties to organized crime, perhaps, did not render him privy to all of the details behind the cover-up of the US Presidents assassination, but he did have enough information to suspect that Oswald was a patsy for a larger conspiracy. While most people suspected the cover-up in all probability did not involve the US Government (why would the government, including the Attorney General, cover up details of the Presidents assassination), the possible South Vietnam aspect of the Kennedy assassination answers many difficult questions. It explains why President Johnson and Attorney General Kennedy wanted the investigation of the US Presidents assassination resolved quickly, why so many government, medical examination and other abnormalities seemed apparent and even the ties to organized crime. Judging from the available information, Lee Harvey Oswald clearly did not assassinate President Kennedy. Based on a taped police interview released the d ay after Oswalds assassination, Jack Ruby appears to have known this. Evidence from investigation of the assassination reasserts that Oswald could not have assassinated the young Chief Executive. Attempts to duplicate the assassination feat demonstrated that none of the expert sharpshooters could hit a moving vehicle from that distance, and Oswald was a poor marksman.The bullet that caused the fatal shot knocked the Presidents body backwards and to his left, a difficult feat for a bullet coming from behind the President. Eyewitness accounts confirm that shots did come from the grassy knoll to the right and slightly in front of the Presidents car. This evidence was ignored by the Warren Commission. And there is evidence that a fourth bullet was fired from one side of the President. Clearly, even if Oswald was involved, his involvement could not account for all of these strange details. The little known Vietnam link is based mostly on the research and ideas of Bradley S. OLeary, aut hor of Triangle of Death The Shocking Truth closely the Role of South Vietnam and the French Mafia in the Assassination of JFK. It accounts for many of the mysteries behind the assassination. If this Vietnam confederacy theory is correct, both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby were patsies, the difference universe that Ruby realized he was being used (perhaps not entirely clear on who was using him) whereas Oswald did not. President Johnson and Attorney General Kennedy realized that they could not openly acknowledge a South Vietnam connection in President Kennedys assassination because it could peradventure turn the wrath of the country against South Vietnamese leaders, so the appearance of cover-up by US government, various branches of government and some involvement in a cover-up by the mob seem reasonable.While mob hired guns probably pulled the trigger to assassinate the President, the mob itself was not involved. Hired killers safe kill for a living. They take the job or ref use it, but they do so as independent killers. Therefore, the Kennedy assassination was not a mob job, but a contract from a family outgrowth of the murdered South Vietnamese leader. Ruby probably did not realize this fact and mob officials, some of whom seem to have known about the assassination before hand, had a vested interest in visual perception that the government and the people did not hold them responsible put heat on the mob nether region for cutting down a President who had been popular around the world outside of his politics. If any of these ideas regarding a South Vietnam connection in the assassination are correct, then it is feasible, even probable, that there really was a cover-up conspiracy, in the interest of national security, at the highest levels of government, including the Attorney General, in the JFK assassination. The cover-up was an effort to bend the appearance of an international conspiracy on the part of the US or South Vietnam in connection with the death of the US President.It is not likely that Ruby knew the details, but he probably knew enough to have been aware of a cover-up involving the mob, to have known that Oswald was a patsy and, perhaps, to have wondered if he himself king have been one. Perhaps these ideas are wrong, but this possible South Vietnamese connection explains many antique areas that have surrounded President Kennedys assassination over the years. In this case, the full details of the story, if true, will probably never be released.ReferencesBradley S. OLeary and L. E. Seymour (2003). Triangle of Death The Shocking Truth About the Role of South Vietnam and the French Mafia in the Assassination of JFK. Nashville, TN WND Books.Weisberg, Harold (1984). Case Open The Unanswered JFK Assassination Questions. New York, NY Carroll Graf.