Chemistry Of Natural Water :: essays research papers

The purpose of this experiment is to explore the strenuousness of the pissing on campus. Hard water hasbeen a problem for hundreds of years. champion of theearliest references to the hardness or softness ofwater is in Hippocrates discourse on water qualityin Fifth century B.C. Hard water causes legion(predicate)problems in both in the household and in theindustrial world. One of the largest problems withhard water is that it tends to leave a residue whenit evaporates. Aside from creation aestheticallyunpleasing to look at, the build up of hard waterresidue can result in the clog up of valves, drainsand piping. This build up is barely theaccumulation of the minerals dissolved in naturalwater and is commonly called scale. Other thanclogging plumbing, the build up of scale poses alarge problem in the industrial world. Many thingsthat are heated are often cooled by water runningthru piping. The build up of scale in these pipescan greatly reduce the amount of heat the coolingunit c an draw away from the source it is trying toheat. This poses a potentially dangerous situation.The build up of excess heat can do a lot ofdamage boilers can explode, containers can meltetc. On the flip side of the coin, a build up of scaleon an object being heated, a kettle for example,can greatly reduce the heat efficiency of the kettle.Because of this, it takes much much energy to heatthe kettle to the necessary temperature. In theindustrial world, this could amount to large sums ofmoney being thrown into wasted heat. In additionto clogging plumbing and reducing heatingefficiency, the build up of hard water alsoadversely affects the efficiency of many soaps andcleansers. The reason for this is because hardwater contains many divalent or sometimes evenpolyvalent ions. These ions react with the soapand although they do not regulate precipitates, theyprevent the soap from doing its job. When thepolyvalent ions react with the soap, they form aninsoluble soap scum. This is once again quiteunpleasing to look at and stains many surfaces.The sole reason for all these problems arising fromhard water is because hard water tends to havehigher than normal concentrations of theseminerals, and hence it leaves a considerableamount more residue than normal water. Theconcentration of these minerals is what is knownas the waters occur Dissolved Solids or TDS forshort. This is merely a way of expressing howmany particles are dissolved in water. The TDSvary from waters of different sources, howeverthey are picture in at least some quantity in all